What frequencies to listen to on the walkie-talkie. Prohibited frequencies in the Russian Federation

A person who is little familiar with the rules of civil radio communication (and generally knows little about the existence of any rules in this area) often does not think about what frequencies he, as an ordinary citizen of the Russian Federation, can communicate on.

These questions come later, when the unpacked walkie-talkie is in our hands and we are trying to figure it out. And it’s good if, when trying to figure it out, we don’t tune our walkie-talkies to any available waves and start testing them (here we’re talking about walkie-talkies that have the technical ability to work at special frequencies, if you have a “soap box” that works only at PMR frequencies, there’s no need to worry about configuration, nor about compliance with the law)! The article is dedicated to radio beginners, just like the author of the article himself, and talks about some of the basics!

On what frequencies can civilians communicate in Russia?

First of all, you need to understand that at the moment only 3 frequency ranges are allocated for civil communications in Russia (PMR / CB / LPD), and each frequency range has its own nuances. Which, however, we will not describe in detail, limiting ourselves to only brief information.

PMR/ Pi-em-er: 446.00000 MHz - 446.10000 MHz / Step 12.5 kHz. The maximum permissible output power of transmitting devices is 0.5 W. PMR is used in many European countries to meet a wide variety of civilian needs. In Russia, the PMR band has been officially permitted for free radio traffic since 2005. A special license is NOT required to communicate on the PMR band. The sale of cheap walkie-talkies that operate exclusively on the PMR band is widespread. The PMR range has a total of 8 channels:

Start of range: 446.00000 MHz
1 channel: 446.00625 MHz
Channel 2: 446.01875 MHz (common automobile channel, used as an analogue of CB band channel 15 by truckers.)
Channel 3: 446.03125 MHz
Channel 4: 446.04375 MHz
Channel 5: 446.05625 MHz
Channel 6: 446.06875 MHz
Channel 7: 446.08125 MHz
Channel 8: 446.09375 MHz (Used only for calling or transmitting a distress signal.)
End of band: 446.10000 MHz

A message in PMR can be transmitted over several kilometers, depending on the transmission conditions (city, forest, field, etc.). However, a rare case of signal transmission at 535.8 km (From Great Britain to the Netherlands) is known, but this became possible due to a rare long-distance wave propagation anomaly for this range. To ensure good communication over long distances, line-of-sight conditions are necessary; theoretically, from a balloon or the ISS station they can easily hear you, but the more rugged the terrain, the shorter the achieved range.

LPD: 433.075 MHz - 434.775 MHz (25 kHz step) The maximum permissible output power of transmitting devices is no more than 10 mW. A range of radio frequencies for low-power devices, permitted for free use in many countries with some restrictions.

LPD frequencies for 69 channel radio.
Channel number - frequency in MHz:

01 — 433.0750
02 — 433.1000
03 — 433.1250
04 — 433.1500
05 — 433.1750
06 — 433.2000
07 — 433.2250
08 — 433.2500
09 — 433.2750
10 — 433.3000
11 — 433.3250
12 — 433.3500
13 — 433.3750
14 — 433.4000
15 — 433.4250
16 — 433.4500
17 — 433.4750
18 — 433.5000
19 — 433.5250
20 — 433.5500
21 — 433.5750
22 — 433.6000
23 — 433.6250
24 — 433.6500
25 — 433.6750
26 — 433.7000
27 — 433.7250
28 — 433.7500
29 — 433.7750
30 — 433.8000
31 — 433.8250
32 — 433.8500
33 — 433.8750
34 — 433.9000
35 - 433.9250 (The frequency at which car alarm key fobs operate; if you press the PTT button, you can mute the signal with all that it entails. We strongly do not recommend doing such things).
36 — 433.9500
37 — 433.9750
38 — 434.0000
39 — 434.0250
40 — 434.0500
41 — 434.0750
42 — 434.1000
43 — 434.1250
44 — 434.1500
45 — 434.1750
46 — 434.2000
47 — 434.2250
48 — 434.2500
49 — 434.2750
50 — 434.3000
51 — 434.3250
52 — 434.3500
53 — 434.3750
54 — 434.4000
55 — 434.4250
56 — 434.4500
57 — 434.4750
58 — 434.5000
59 — 434.5250
60 — 434.5500
61 — 434.5750
62 — 434.6000
63 — 434.6250
64 — 434.6500
65 — 434.6750
66 — 434.7000
67 — 434.7250
68 — 434.7500
69 — 434.7750

LPD frequencies for 8 channel radio.
Channel number - frequency in MHz / correspondence to channels on a walkie-talkie with 69 channels:

01 — 433.0750 / 1
02 — 433.1000 /2
03 — 433.2000 /6
04 — 433.3000 /10
05 — 433.3500 /12
06 — 433.4750 /17
07 — 433.6250 /23
08 — 433.8000 /30

CB: CB (output power of radio stations up to 10 W does not require registration in the Russian Federation) - used for civil radio communications. There are quite a few areas of application, for example, establishing communication between buildings, cars, and surface transport.
It has an advantage over the PMR and LPD bands when it comes to use in forests and rough terrain, but PMR and LPD are more suitable for the city, this is due to the wavelength.

In addition to the frequencies themselves, the CB range also uses a grid consisting of an alphanumeric code. Here are some useful CB radio frequencies: The frequency 27.135 MHz C15EA can be called the main automotive frequency in Russia. This is the calling frequency on which not only truckers communicate, but also everyone who has a radio station in their car throughout Russia.

Frequency 27.225 MHz (22nd channel of grid C) - channel of car enthusiasts of the 4X4 club.

Not a big conclusion on the given civilian frequencies.

The conclusion, in general, is from a fellow newcomer who obtained information from the Internet. As I understand it (correct me in the comments if I’m wrong), if your walkie-talkies are suitable in all respects (strength of the outgoing signal, antenna design, etc.) to such an extent that they do not need to be registered and you comply with all the rules of radio communication, while trying to no one don't interfere, you can safely use these waves! If there are problems with the parameters of the radio, it should be registered. At the same time, again, as I understand it, they will flash it artificially, limiting the exceeded indicators. You can, of course, use the radio at your own risk. At the same time, it is strictly forbidden for us to use other frequencies for transmission! That is, you can’t even just press the PTT button on them, because... this may interfere with various services! An exception may be a distress signal, that is, if your life is in danger and you are trying to contact at least someone to save you. This action will be within the law.

In conclusion, let’s touch a little on the topic of Radio Amateurs. How to officially become a radio amateur, get a rating, a license and register your call sign can be found on the Internet. We note that we, as ordinary citizens, are also prohibited from using the frequencies of official radio amateurs for communication. If you officially join the ranks of radio amateurs, go through all the necessary procedures, you will be able to use 144,000 MHz - 146,000 MHz - civil radio communications for licensed radio amateurs, and not just anyhow, but according to the rules.

I hope that the information presented here was useful to you! And if you have something to say on this topic, write comments and share your experience!

© SURVIVE.RU

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I present to your attention a list of frequencies that officially banned for use by radio amateurs throughout the Russian Federation. We are updating the table with photos.

KHz
500

MHz
1,544-1,545
1,645-1,646
2,040
2,125-2,135
2,145
2,147-2,153
2,173-2,190
2,380
2,498-2,502
2,850-3,155
3,400-3,500
3,900-3,950
4,125
4,175
4,177
4,188
4,207
4,210
4,430
4,650-4,750
4,995-5,005
5,410
5,480-5,730
6,215
6,268
6,282
6,312
6,314
6,525-6,765
8,195-8,416
8315-9,040
9,995-10,100
11,175-11,400
12,230-12,575
13,200-13,360
14,957-14,967
14,990-15,900
16,360-16,806
17,900-18,030
18,055-18,065
18,780-18,900
19,680
19,990-20,010
21,350-21,370
21,924-22,000
22,376
24,990-25,010
26,100
33,325
36,650
40,000
40,100
40,200
40,300
41,300
42,000
42,450
42,750
43,150
43,750
44,300
44,400
44,600
44,700
44,300
44,900
45,100
45,125
45,200
45,300
45,350
45,400
45,600
45,700
45,800
46,425
46,475
46,550
46,600
46,350
46,700
46,775
46,825
46,875
46,956
47,075
47,125
47,375
47,575
47,825
47,975
48,075
74,300-75,400
121,300
121,716-121,784
130,133-130,201
139,174-139,242
156,325
156,300
243,000
300,200
406,000-406,100

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

254.000, 254.685, 380.000, 393.100 - frequency ranges of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

FAPSI

148-149 (step 1) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio communications of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

149-149.9 (step 0.9) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

157.875 - FAPSI special purpose channel.

162.7625-163.2 (step 0.4375) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

168.5-171.15 (step 2.65) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

169.455 and 169.462 are FAPSI special purpose channels.

171.15-173 (step 1.85) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio communications of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

173-174 (step 1) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

273-300 (step 27) - the radio frequency band is intended for use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

300-308 (step 8) - the radio frequency band is intended for fixed and mobile services. Certain sections in this band are used by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

308-328.6 (step 20.6) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

328.6-335.4 (step 6.8) - the radio frequency band is intended for the air radio navigation service and is primarily used by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

335.4-336 (step 0.6) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

336-344 (step 8) - the radio frequency band is intended for fixed and mobile services. Certain sections in this band are used by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

344-390 (step 46) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by radio-electronic means of government communications, security and defense of the Russian Federation.

Fire protection

148.050, 148.075, 148.125, 148.200 - all frequencies of the Moscow fire department headquarters.

495-505 kHz (step 10) - The 500 kHz radio frequency is the international distress and calling frequency for Morse radiotelegraphy.

Any emissions that may cause harmful interference to communications in case of distress, accident, emergency or for safety purposes are prohibited on the frequencies 500 kHz, 2174.5 kHz, 2182 kHz,

2187.5 kHz, 4125 kHz, 4177.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6215 kHz, 6268 kHz, 6312 kHz, 8291 kHz, 8376.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 12290 kHz, 12520 kHz, 1 2577 kHz, 16420 kHz, 16695 kHz, 16804.5 kHz, 121.5 MHz , 156.525 MHz, 156.8 MHz and in the frequency bands 406-406.1 MHz, 1544-1545 MHz and 1645.5-1646.5 MHz.

Any emissions on any other discrete frequency that cause harmful interference to disaster and safety communications are also prohibited.

2173.5-2190.5 (step 17) - The radio frequency 2182 kHz (carrier) is the international distress and calling frequency for radiotelephony.

This radio frequency can be used for search and rescue purposes for manned spacecraft. Radio frequencies 2174.5 kHz, 4177.5 kHz, 6268 kHz, 8376.5 kHz, 12520 kHz and 16695 kHz are international frequencies intended exclusively for the exchange of information in the event of distress and for maritime safety using narrowband telegraphy (printing) equipment.

The radio frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 8114.5 kHz, 12577 kHz and 16804.5 kHz are international frequencies intended exclusively for distress and navigational safety calling using digital selective calling equipment. Other transmissions in the specified frequency band are prohibited.

117.975-137 (step 19.025) - the radio frequency band is intended for primary use by the aeronautical mobile service. Portions of this radio frequency band may be used by the aeronautical mobile-satellite (R) service. The aeronautical emergency radio frequency 121.5 MHz is used by aeronautical mobile service stations operating in the frequency band 117.975-137 MHz for distress and safety radiotelephony communications.

121.5 MHz can also be used for these purposes by stations of life-saving equipment and emergency radio beacons indicating the location of a disaster, for the purpose of search and rescue of manned spacecraft. 121.45-121.55 MHz can be used by the mobile satellite service to receive signals on board the satellite from emergency radio beacons transmitting signals on the radio frequency 121.5 MHz.

123.1 MHz is an auxiliary frequency for the aeronautical emergency frequency 121.5 MHz and is intended for use by stations in the aeronautical mobile service and other mobile and land stations participating in joint search and rescue operations. Mobile stations in the maritime mobile service may communicate on these frequencies with stations in the aeronautical mobile service in case of distress and for safety purposes.

136-137 MHz can be used by the space operations service (Space-to-Earth), space research service (Space-to-Earth) and meteorological satellite (Space-to-Earth) service on a secondary basis.

156.8 MHz is the international distress, safety and calling frequency in the maritime mobile service for radiotelephony. This radio frequency can be used to search and rescue manned spacecraft.

406-406.1 (step 0.1) - the radio frequency band is intended exclusively for satellite emergency radio beacons - distress location indicators (Earth-Space).

It’s strange that such a simple question occupies the minds of hundreds and thousands of users of this radio. This radio actually has a scanning mode, it really works and with its help you can really find activity on the air. Today I will tell you how to scan the air and who you can find there.

You can scan in both channel and frequency modes. If you start scanning in channel mode, the channels will be cycled through in turn and the radio will stop scanning the moment a signal appears on the channel. When scanning in frequency mode, the current step and bandwidth settings will be used. If everything is clear with channel scanning, then with scanning in frequency mode a lot of questions arise.

In order to start scanning, you first need to decide at what frequencies you are looking for activity and what channel width to use. If you're interested in voice, there are two types of channel widths: Narrow (narrowband modulation) and Wide (wideband modulation). For narrowband modulation, the frequency grid step is 12.5 kHz, and for wideband modulation, it is 25 kHz. Next, you need to select the frequency at which scanning begins and press the SCAN key (you need to hold the key star a couple of seconds). Then, using the up and down arrows, you can change the scanning direction.

For scanning, it is better to select a small section of the range. The fact is that the wider the range, the longer the scanning and the less chance of finding a useful signal. You can stop scanning by pressing the SCAN key once ( star).

If you cannot find a useful signal in the scanned areas, this does not mean that the radio is faulty or that no one is communicating on the air. The fact is that scanning does not occur over the entire range, but sequential channel switching occurs. It is faster than manual switching, but also orders of magnitude slower than display on wideband scanners. It is possible that activity occurs while other frequencies are being scanned. And at the moment when the walkie-talkie listens to information on active frequencies, no one communicates there at that moment.

To really see activity on the band, you need to use broadband scanners, not regular walkie-talkies. Panoramic viewing consoles are sold for some radio stations; this is exactly what you need. But they are very expensive and clearly not suitable for walkie-talkies like Baofeng.

Why is scanning slow? For example, let's take scanning of commercial frequencies that use professional stations with a step of 25 kHz. The 1 MHz band contains 40 channels. If each channel is scanned at half a second, it will take 10 seconds to scan just one megahertz. And the range of commercial frequencies fits into a much larger number. In amateur radio, narrowband modulation is more often used, and for every megahertz of amateur VHF radio there are already 80 channels (40 seconds). If the activity on the channel is minimal, then using a walkie-talkie it is almost impossible to obtain reliable information about the broadcast.

An example of broadcasting on the amateur radio band with a width of two megahertz, there is no communication, a lot of interference and Baofeng will scan this entire range within one and a half minutes. And while it scans some frequencies, at this moment a communication session may take place on other frequencies.

But if you have a series of necessary channels registered in the radio’s memory and you are interested in periodic monitoring of these frequencies, then in this case the scanning built into the radio can be useful.

By the way, the following services are present on the frequencies supported by this radio:

• Radio amateurs,
• police,
• railway services,
• commercial organizations,
• ambulance,
• private security,
• license-free range,
• fire protection,
• and other services...

As you can see, the ranges of seventy centimeters and two meters are densely saturated, but it is very difficult to look for any service without knowing its location, at least to the nearest megahertz. It's akin to finding a needle in a haystack. But there are many sites and groups on VKontakte that will be happy to share the frequencies of your region with you.

That's all I can tell you about scanning frequencies using the Baofeng UV-5R walkie-talkie.