Lviv National University named after Franko. Ivan Franko Lviv National University (LNU): admission, faculties and reviews. What are functional cookies

Lviv National University named after. I. Franko (LNU) - additional information about the higher education institution

general information

Ivan Franko Lviv National University is one of the leading higher education institutions in Ukraine and Europe.

The structure of Lviv National University includes 18 faculties, an Institute of Postgraduate Education, 3 colleges, 7 research institutes, an Astronomical Observatory, a Botanical Garden, a Scientific Library, and 6 museums. Specialists are trained in accordance with obtained licenses in 16 industries, 52 areas and 91 specialties.

Today, Lviv National University has 130 departments, three of which have been opened in recent years.

Lviv National University named after. Franko (LNU) has the following faculties:

• Biological,
• Geographical,
• Geological,
• Economic,
• Electronics,
• Pre-university training,
• Journalism,
• Foreign languages,
• Historical,
• Culture and arts,
• International relations,
• Mechanical-mathematical,
• Applied mathematics and computer science,
• Physical,
• Philological,
• Philosophical,
• Chemical,
• Legal.

Ivan Franko Lviv National University trains specialists according to educational and qualification levels " Junior Specialist", "bachelor", "specialist" And " master".

Training is carried out at seventeen faculties in the following specialties:

• Microbiology and Virology
• Biology
• Biochemistry
• Biophysics
• Zoology
• Botany
• Genetics
• Physiology
• Geology
• Geochemistry and Mineralogy
• Ecology and environmental protection
• Geography
• Economic and social geography
• Organizational management
• Tourism
• Journalism
• Sociology
• Economic theory
• Economic cybernetics
• International economics
• Finance
• Banking
• Accounting and Auditing
• Enterprise economy
• Economic statistics
• Taxation
• Story
• Ethnology
• Archival studies
• Archeology
• Mathematics
• Statistics
• Mechanics
• International relationships
• International law
• International economic relations
• International information
• Regional studies
• international Business
• Computer science
• Applied Mathematics
• Social informatics
• System analysis and management
• Physics
• Astronomy
• Solid state physics
• Radiophysics and electronics
• applied Physics
• Physical and biomedical electronics
• Folkloristics
• Ukrainian language and literature
• Language and literature with language indication
• Russian language and literature
• Persian language and literature
• Czech language and literature
• Serbian language and literature
• Bulgarian language and literature
• Polish language and literature
• Croatian language and literature
• Slovak language and literature
• English language and literature
• German language and literature
• French language and literature
• Spanish language and literature
• Japanese language and literature
• Arabic language and literature
• Latin, Greek and Ancient Greek
• Applied linguistics
• Literary creativity
• Translation
• Book science, library science and bibliography
• Cultural studies
• Theater arts
• Philosophy
• Psychology
• Political science
• Chemistry
• Jurisprudence
• Information technology design

Ensuring the educational process at Lviv National University

The educational process is provided by 1,708 full-time scientific and pedagogical workers, including 166 doctors of science, professors, and 841 candidates of science, associate professor (quality - 59%).

Today Ivan Franko Lviv National University is a university of leading scientific schools with generally recognized international authority.

More than 20 scientific schools have been formed and are successfully functioning at Lviv National University, in particular in the following areas: physics, chemistry, mathematics, geology, geography, economics, philology, law, history.

Along with traditional scientific schools, new ones are being formed, covering all areas of the academic life of Lviv National University. An example of the continuity of scientific traditions is that in 2008, at the World Programming Olympiad in Canada, LNU students won gold medals for the first time in the history of independent Ukraine, ahead of representatives of the famous universities of the world - Oxford and Princeton.

International relations of Lviv National University

Students of the Geography, History and International Relations departments undergo training in Poland, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Employees of the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Philology, Chemistry, the Faculty of International Relations and Applied Mathematics and Computer Science worked in higher educational institutions in Poland, Colombia, France, Switzerland, and Austria on teaching contracts. Many LNU graduates continue their studies at higher educational institutions in the USA, Poland, Germany, Austria, Great Britain, and France. Every year, with a grant from the American government and with the assistance of the University of Kansas, a Summer School is held for American students who undergo a six-week internship at LNU in the Ukrainian language and history of Ukraine.

Ivan Franko Lviv National University is a classical institution of higher education with enduring traditions and powerful scientific schools, including modern innovative trends. The university has a special mission:

• define and apply educational and scientific standards;
• to bring about necessary changes in a region, country or world;
• to form an individuality - a carrier of intellectual and innovative potential.

Ivan Franko Lviv National University operates on the basis of preserving Ukrainian culture and developing national consciousness and identity.

Ivan Franko Lviv National University holds the 4th level of accreditation by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and trains specialists in licensed programs: 9 specialties at the level of education-qualification "junior specialist", 49 bachelor's programs, 82 specialties "specialist" and 87 specialties "master" 17 branches of science.

In 2014-2015, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine licensed 4 “young specialist” areas of study, accredited 7 “bachelor” specialties, 3 “Specialist” specialties, as well as 3 “master” specialties. The University trains specialists within 144 “Specialist” specialties and 161 “Master” specialties. 32 new specialties were opened within the university faculties. We are developing further and offering our future students an even wider choice: in 2015, 8 specialties in the Faculty of Biology, Geology, Economics and Applied Mathematics and Computer Science were introduced to be licensed and accredited.

today 19357 students study at Lviv University, of which 10202 are state supported; 4332 people work here, of which 2056 are teachers; 281 people work scientifically at the university
and research department. 220 Doctors and 1119 Candidates teach here; of these, 203 people hold the position of professor and 794 people are associate professors.

Ivan Franko National University Lviv's priority is scientific work. In 2014, the University conducted scientific research in 35 fundamental and 10 applied topics approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 3 of which were commissioned by the State Agency for Science, Innovation and Informatization of Ukraine, 6 dealt with the preservation of objects that belong to the national heritage of Ukraine , 3 were self-financing projects and 8 were Grants from international funds.

Ivan Franko Lviv National University is the founder and publisher of 44 scientific periodicals. Universytetu Vestnik (university bulletin):Biology Series belongs to the list of international professional editors of Web science. Journal of Physical Research one of 42 journals in Ukraine, which belongs to the Scopus bibliographic database.

We continue in our achievements. In this context, it would be relevant to move from quantitative to qualitative indicators: therefore, the university defines for itself strategic objectives:

1. achieving the highest standards and globalization of scientific research;
2. ensuring high quality of the educational process;
3. strengthening the role of the university in society;
   • formation of an intellectual elite;
   • development of the cultural environment;
   • formation and development of a person’s individuality and social guidelines;
   • developing young people historical consciousness and national identity;
   • increasing innovative potential and training highly qualified personnel are in demand by society and the state;
   • promoting the university brand, creating a unified perception of the university in Ukraine and abroad;
4. deepening the university’s integration into the global educational and scientific space;
5. modern social, information, communication and production infrastructure.

Admission process at Ivan Franko Lviv National University

since 2016 Admission process at Ukrainian universities for international students of Iveco through the Ukrainian Admission Center.
To apply for Ivan Franko Lviv National University, foreign students must apply online through the Ukrainian Admission Center.
After checking all the details at the Center's reception, they will send an invitation to the students.
With an invitation letter, students can contact the nearest Ukrainian embassy and obtain a student visa.
No exams, TOEFL, IELTS are required if you apply through the Ukrainian Admission Center.

Story

The history of the university dates back to the 17th century.

in the 16th - 17th centuries, religious brotherhoods were cultural centers in Ukrainian lands. With the support of Hamburgers and the clergy, they promoted the spread of ideas of humanism and science, and also financed a network of schools. The oldest community in Ukraine is twinned with stauropegial in Lviv, which has become a famous Ukrainian cultural center. A Brotherhood school was opened in Lvov in 1586. Church Slavonic, Greek, Latin and Polish languages, as well as mathematics, grammar, rhetoric, astronomy, philosophy and other disciplines were taught here. The Lions members of the fraternities were even planning to turn the "himnasion" (as they called this school) into a university. Such outstanding figures of Ukrainian culture of the late 16th and early 17th centuries as Lavrentiy Zyzaniy (behind) and his brother Stepan, Kirilo Stavrovetskyi, Ivan Boretskyi and others worked and were educated at the Lviv Brotherhood School.

By the mid-seventeenth century there was no higher education in Ukraine. The lords are against the creation of a high school, which could become a dangerous political and cultural center. Ukrainian young people were supposed to receive higher education in Krakow and other European universities.

According to the Treaty of Hadyach (1658) between Ukraine and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, two universities were to be opened on Ukrainian lands: one in Kyiv, and the other in any suitable place for it. Both universities were promised the same rights that the University of Krakow had. Influential circles of the Commonwealth assumed that, under the pressure of certain political circumstances, two national universities could be formed in Ukraine. At the same time, the Jesuit Order in defense of Catholicism in Ukraine had high hopes for their center in Lviv. Jesuits appeared in Lviv at the end of the 17th century. In 1608, they opened their own school here. By the mid-seventeenth century this school had declined, but it was saved from destruction because it was supported by Polish magnates. The Jesuits understood the possibility of creating a university based on their school in Lviv. Thus, they constantly demanded to transform their school into an academy. After repeated requests, on January 20, 1661, King John II Casimir signed a Charter granting a school under the auspices of the Lviv Jesuit College, "The honor of the Academy and the title of the University" with the right to teach all subjects at the university and to grant bachelor, licentiate, master and doctoral degrees . However, immediately after the signing of the charter, the creation of the Academy was strongly opposed by the University of Krakow and some influential officials. Despite the obstacles, research at Lviv University was carried out along the lines of other European academies. Later in 1758, Polish King Augustus III approved the charter issued by John II Casimir on January 20, 1661. From its founding until 1773, Lviv University was completely under the control of the Jesuit order and was subordinate to the Jesuit general in Rome. The university is headed by the rector. The main building of the academy was near Krakowska Street in the city center. The university was built and acquired new premises, it had a library and the largest printing house in Lviv.

The university consisted of two departments (faculties): philosophical and theological. There was a pre-university school for those wishing to continue their studies at the university.

Historical data shows that in 1667, about 500 students were studying and eight teachers were working in the philosophical and theological departments. In the mid-eighteenth century, the number of students increased to 700, the number of teachers 15-17. Poles made up 75% of the students, the rest were representatives of Ukrainian and other ethnic groups.

The educational process at Lviv University was carried out according to the program of the Jesuit school, developed at the end of the sixteenth century. Significant changes to the program were made only in the mid-eighteenth century. At the philosophy department, they mainly taught the philosophical system of Aristotle, which included logic, physics and metaphysics; speaking of physics, elements of mathematics, astronomy, biology, meteorology were considered; speaking of metaphysics - a question of psychology and ethics. In addition, history, geography, Greek and other subjects were taught. At the Department of Philosophy, the research lasted for two or three years. After completing studies in this department, one could receive a theological education. At the Department of Theology, the research lasted for four years. Church history, Old and New Testaments, dogmatic and moral theology, canon law, casuistry, and the Hebrew language were taught in this department. All university courses were taught by professors.

In the second half of the eighteenth century, in connection with the development of scientific knowledge, certain changes occurred in the educational process of the university. In 1744, a department of mathematics was opened, headed by F. Grodzicki, who is the author of a textbook on architecture and mathematics. Laboratories of mathematical physics and the University Astronomical Observatory were opened. polish, French, German, geography and history were taught as separate subjects. Well-known scientists worked here: historian K. Niesiecki, mathematicians F. Grodzitski and T. Siekierzyński, writer G. Piramowicz, public figure, poet, writer and philosopher I. Krasicki. Famous people like me. Giesel, M.Slotvynskyi, Ya.Bohomolovskyi and many other university graduates.

After the dissolution of the Jesuit order in 1773, Lviv University was closed. Soon, however, a number of divisions of the Jesuit academy laid the foundation for Emperor Joseph University in Lvov.

In 1772, Galicia became part of the Austrian Empire. In order to centralize and Germanize the multinational state, the government of Emperor Joseph II paid great attention to education, including higher education. Lvov envisaged a university. The replacement of teaching positions in departments was to be done through competition with the admission of candidates, regardless of their nationality and religion.

The university received the premises of the former Trinitarian Order on Krakivska Street. The Government Charter of June 17, 1784 determines the faculty staff and the budget of the university. In October of the same year, a diploma and manual for the university administration were issued. The diploma indicated that Lviv University consisted of four faculties: philosophy, law, medicine and theology. The university's inauguration took place on November 16, 1784.

In the period between 1805 and 1817, the school functioned on the basis of Lviv University. This was due to the reform of higher education in the Austrian state. The analysis shows that the majority of subjects continued to study at the university. The same ability continued its work.

The highest governing body of the university was the Senate (consistory). It consisted of the rector, deans and seniors (the oldest and most experienced teachers). The Senate resolved the main issues that concerned the general management of the university. All other cases were decided by deans who also served as heads of departments. It should be noted that the university had a certain autonomy.

The secondary school established in 1784 is responsible for preparing students for entry to university. The training was conducted in German and Latin and lasted 5 years. During the first three years, all students used the program's philosophy department in their research. After graduating from the Faculty of Philosophy, students either continued their studies in the same Faculty to deepen their knowledge on a specific topic or chose one of the higher faculties - Law, Medicine or Theology, where the studies continued for four years. Training was conducted in Latin, Polish and German. In 1825 the department of Polish language and literature was opened.

In 1787, Studium Ruthenum functioned at the Faculty of Theology. It was, of course, conducted for two years in Ukrainian. It continued its work until 1806. Such outstanding figures of the Ukrainian nation as Markiyan Shashkevich, Yakov Kholovatskyi, Yuri Venelin (void) are associated with the Lviv University in the first decades of the nineteenth century.

Physics at Lviv University in the second half of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries was represented by Professor F. funding Guss, I. Martinovics, A. Hiltenbrand, Ivan Zemanchyk, A. Gloisner, A. Kunzek and A. Zavadsky, but only a few of them had scientific achievements in the field of physical science. In particular, the professor. I. Martinovics (1755-1795) wrote a two-volume textbook on experimental physics. A famous scientist from the 1780s, F. funding Guss (1741-1806) published in Vienna a two-volume description of the age of the earth from the point of view of physics. Ivan Zemanchyk has done a lot to increase the amount of equipment available at the faculty. Professor. A. Kunzek (1795-1865), who was interested in physics in addition to astronomy and even taught mathematics and classical philology, wrote scientific works and seven books (for example, "The Teaching of Light", "Popular Astronomy," "Popular Science of Meteorology" etc.).

1. Schiverek (1742-1807) was the first professor of botany and chemistry at Lviv University. His main achievements include research on mineral water deposits in the Carpathian region and the creation of a botanical garden.

One of the first professional mathematicians at the university was F. Kodesh (1761-1831), who wrote a textbook on mathematics. The manual "Elements of Pure Mechanics" brought fame to the outstanding Austrian mathematician L. Schulz of Straßnitzki (1803-1852), who taught at the university in 1834-1838. The subject of natural history was taught at the university by prof. V. Hacquet (1740-1815). He was a pioneer in the field of geology in Galicia.

In the field of philosophy, the name of Peter Lodiy (1764-1829) should be noted. He wrote textbooks including Metaphysics and instructions Logical. A number of works on philosophy were written by I. Hanus (1812-1869). L. ten Mark (1753-1814) was the first professor of history at the university. He was also an expert in the auxiliary historical disciplines and wrote a manual on the subject. Mr. Uhlich (1743-1794) was the first professor of auxiliary historical disciplines. He founded a reading room in Lviv and wrote a textbook on diplomacy and numismatics. He was also the author of a number of works on history. Professor of general history and history of Austria, J. Mauss (1778-1856) was very popular among students.

Classical philology in 1784 was taught by V. he (1763-1816), who, in addition to linguistics, was interested in problems of aesthetics and published a two-volume collection of his own poems. He also wrote several works on literary history. Among linguists, Professors I. Pollack (1785-1825) and Leopold Umloff (1757 - 1807) also deserve attention.

In the 1820-30s, studies in local history and the humanities were revived. University student I. Mohylnytskyi prepared the first Ukrainian grammar published in Galicia. It came out in 1829. this preface in Rusyn language provides a brief overview of the history of Ukraine. He also identified Ukrainian as an independent language among the East Slavic languages. Professor of Lviv National University

I.Lavrivskyi compiled six volumes of the Ukrainian-Polish-German dictionary and is translated The Tale of Bygone Years into Polish. A significant contribution to the study of local history was made by Professor M. Hrynevetskyi. He collected incunabula and other ancient monuments.

The law of the science of time was based on the so-called historical school of law. Professor. J. Winivarter was an outstanding scholar in the field of civil law. He worked in Ukraine from 1806 to 1827 and published several scientific works.

The events of the Polish national liberation uprising of 1830-1831 and the revolution of 1848 had a significant impact on the development of Lviv University. University students actively participated in the events. During the uprising of 1848, the university building burned down. His valuable scientific library, which numbered more than 51 thousand volumes, was destroyed. Valuable manuscripts were also burned. Because the university equipment was seriously damaged, there was no research going on for a long time.

In the second half of the nineteenth century, university facilities expanded. Since 1851, the University has been located in a house in St. Mykolay Street (currently Grushevsky Street). In 1891, following a design by the architect J.Braunseis, a separate building for the chemical, geological and mineralogical, as well as for the pharmacological institutes were created in Dlugosz Street (currently SS. Cyril and Methodius Street). In 1894, premises for the newly formed medical faculty on Pekařská street were completed. In 1905, new premises were built for the university library.

The highest governing body of the university at that time was the academic senate, consisting of the rector, vice-rector, deans, representatives of the teaching staff and the secretary. Aspects of university life such as teaching, research, academic degrees, and administrative affairs were the responsibility of the Senate.

There were three faculties at Lviv University almost until the end of the nineteenth century: the faculties of Law, Philosophy and Theology. Considering the number of students and faculty and government priorities, the Faculty of Law led the university. in November 1891, after a long delay, the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I ordered the opening of a medical faculty. The ceremony was solemnly held in September 9th 1894.

Each of the four faculties was governed by a collegial body - a faculty council of professors, or panel, which included the dean, all professors and two elected faculty representatives.

Departments in the modern sense of the word do not exist. The department was associated with the personality of the professor who delivered the course of lectures. However, there are certain research institutes associated with a university, which roughly correspond to the modern concept of a department or office. Practical seminars were conducted in these institutions. In addition, they had permanent premises, equipment, personnel and a library. In September 1894, the university archives were created to store books published before 1848.

The teaching staff of Lviv University consisted of professors, teaching assistants and teachers. The right to teach at a university (or teach a quarter) can only be obtained after receiving a doctorate. It undergoes habilitation and approval by the Ministry of Education in Vienna. The size of the faculty is constantly increasing. There were only 27 teachers 1850/51. The number of teachers increased to 169 in 1913/14. Lviv University students were also divided into certain categories: ordinary students (ordinary), extraordinary students (unusual) and volunteers. As a rule, women who attended lectures by agreement with teachers were called volunteers. In 1851, 699 students studied at Lviv University (including 302 at the Faculty of Law, 89 at the Faculty of Philosophy, 308 at the Faculty of Theology). In 1890/91, there were already 1255 (683, 189, 358 people respectively). In 1900/01, the number increased to 2060 students (Faculty of Law - 1284, Faculty of Philosophy -309, Faculty of Medicine - 127, Faculty of Theology - 340). In 1913/14, there were 5871 pupils (3493, 1229, 971 and 358 respectively).

In the second half of the nineteenth century, women struggled to be able to attend universities. In 1897, women were allowed to study at the Faculty of Philosophy, and in 1900, at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Department. Women have repeatedly demanded to be able to study at law school, but the government will not allow this to happen.

Most students pay for the opportunity to study at university. Theological students were allowed not to pay tuition fees. In secular faculties, only a portion of students enjoyed such benefits (students who submitted a certificate of poverty and successfully completed a semester of colloquiums). In addition to studying, students paid for exams, colloquia, seminars, and for permission to use the library.

There were also student scholarships. The scholarships are funded primarily by donations from individuals. The most famous were scholarships named after K. Ludvik, J. Slovak, J. Tsalevych, Hayetskyi and others. Students can use the common ones, but the number of seats has been limited.

In law, the philosophical and theological faculties' research lasted for four years, in the medical faculty - five, in the pharmaceutical department of the medical faculty - two or three years. The academic year is divided into two semesters: winter (October 1 to March 20) and summer (end of April - end of July) semesters. Students had a choice of subjects. In the 70s, teaching in all faculties was carried out mainly in German, Latin American in the Faculty of Theology; several subjects are taught in Ukrainian and Polish. On April 27, 1869, according to a special decree of the emperor, Polish was recognized as the official language in the region. As a result, Polonization is gradually being established. In 1870, 13 subjects were taught in Polish, 46 in German, 13 in Latin, 7 Ukrainian. On July 4, 1871, Emperor Franz Joseph I ordered the abolition of restrictions on lecturing in Polish and Ukrainian in the law and philosophy faculties. Thus, in 1906, 185 subjects were taught in Polish, 5 in German, 14 in Latin, 19 in Ukrainian.

In the 1870s, Ivan Franko, a famous Ukrainian writer, scientist, translator, political and public figure, studied at the Faculty of Philosophy of Lviv University. He is one of the geniuses of Ukraine, who went down in history as the “Titan of Labor.”

famous scientists, writers, public figures such as M. Pavlyk, O. Terletskyi, V. Navrotskyi, O. Makovey, Yu. Puzyna and others spent their student years at our university in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

The scientific life of Lviv University at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century underwent significant changes. New subjects, new classes were introduced, laboratories were created. He wrote books and textbooks for teachers, and conducted valuable research, mainly in natural science. In the field of physical sciences the names of professors are V. Pierre, W. Urbanski, A. Handl, T. Staneck, i. Zakrzewski, M. Smoluchowski is worth veneration. In particular, Professor V. Pierre received equipment for the physics laboratory, which was destroyed in 1848. W. Urbanski published a two-volume textbook on physics Scientific. In 1879, Professor of Experimental Physics T. Staneck (1826-1891) published many textbooks on physics and mathematics. Since 1899, the world famous physicist M. Smoluchowski (1872-1917) has worked at the university. The main works that he wrote while working at the university are “The movement of gas molecules and its connection with the theory of diffusion”,"On the kinetic theory of Brownian molecular motion and suspension".

professors I. Lemoch, W. Żmurko, J. Puzyna, W. Sierpinski, p. Yanishevsky representatives of mathematical science at Lviv University. Practical lessons on the basics of geodesy by I. Lemoch, "About Mathematics" by W. Żmurko and two volumes " Theory of analytic functions" with the help of J. Puzyna should be noted in this regard.

The first department of chemistry was opened at Lviv University in 1801. The most prominent chemists of the period were Professor B. Radziszewski (1838-1914) and Professor S. Opole (1886-1919), who was the author of an important textbook on organic chemistry, as well as B. Lachowicz , who was head of the department of inorganic chemistry from its founding in 1894 to 1903, and S. Tołłoczko.

Geological sciences were included in the list of compulsory disciplines at the Faculty of Philosophy in 1851. In 1852, the Mineralogical Museum was opened. In 1864, the Department of Mineralogy was founded. He headed F. compass, founder of modern petrography and author "Handbook of Petrography" (1838-1912).

In the early 1880s, the university's geographical department was created, headed by Professor A. Encourage (1840-1917), known for his work in the physical geography of the Carpathians. Significant contributions to the development of geographical sciences were made by E. Romer (1871-1954) and the Ukrainian geographer S. L. Rudnytskyi (1877-1937).

Ukrainian researcher H. Velichko (doctorate in 1889) was the first graduate student of Professor A. Cheer.

In 1852, two departments of zoology and botany were created on the basis of the department of natural history. The development of zoology at the university is associated primarily with the names of the following outstanding scientists: W. Dybowski (1833-1930), author of more than 350 scientific works, Professor J. Nussbaum-Hiliarowicz (1859-1917), founder of the Polish school of evolutionists.

Historical science was very developed in Lviv. The founder of the Lviv historical school was X. Liske (1838-1891). T. Wojciechowski (1833-1919), O. Balzer (1858-1933), V. Dębińska (1858-1939) is among the outstanding historians of the Lviv school, as well as L. Finkel (1858-1930), author of a three-volume "Bibliography of the history of Poland" and "History of Lviv University". From 1894 to 1914, the newly created Department of General History and History of Eastern Europe, headed by M. Grushevsky (1866-1934), one of the greatest historians of Ukraine, author of a 10-volume work "History of Ukraine-Rus", hundreds of works in history, literary history, historiography, source of criticism. M. Grushevsky was also the creator of the Ukrainian historical school.

Law science in the second half of the nineteenth century moved from narrow empiricism to an in-depth study of law, as well as historical and philosophical topics. In 1862, two departments - the department of civil law and the department of criminal law and procedure - began to use the Ukrainian language as a language of instruction. Many prominent lawyers worked at Lviv University: T. Pilat, E. v, O. Ohonovskyi, M. Alerhant, O. Dolivskyi, M. Chlamtacz, S. Szachowski, P. Dabkowski, J. Makarewicz, S. Dnistrianskyi and others.

Ukrainian philology has been taught at the university since 1848 when the Department Rusyn Philology headed by J. Holovatskyi (1814-1888), author of works Grammar of the Rusyn language and folk songs of Galicia and Hungarian Rus'. In 1849, J. Holovatskyi was appointed rector of the university. O. Ohonovskyi, O. Kolessa, K. Studynskyi, I. Sventsitskyi continued the work of Ya.Holovatskyi. O. Ohonovskyi`s great achievement was six volumes History of Rusyn literature.

The history of Polish studies at the university is associated with the names of professors A. Malecki (1821-1913), b. Pilat (1846-1906), W. Bruchnalski (1859-1938), K. Wojcechowski (1872-1924), W. Gubrynowicz (1870-1933), J. Kallenbach, J. Kleiner, W. Hahn and others.

Classical philology has great traditions at Lviv University. Famous researchers such as L. Ćwikliński (1852-1942), V. Kruczkiewicz (1849-1919) and S. Witkowski (1866-1950) worked at the department until 1918. Thanks to them, Lviv became an outstanding publishing center in the field of classical philology. Lectures on Romance philology were staged in 1918.

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Galicia was annexed to Poland. On November 18, 1918, the Ministry of Names and Education of Poland issued a special decree announcing that Lwów University was to be taken under control. The university was named after the Polish king John Casimir. Polish was the only language of instruction in all faculties of the Faculty of Theology, with the exception of some disciplines taught in Latin. All departments with the Ukrainian language were closed. Within two or three years, Ukrainian professors and associate professors were fired. Ukrainian students were limited in the number of classes they could attend.

The administration of the university was based on the University Statute (Statutes 1924, 1929 and 1934). The Academic Council, headed by the rector, continued its work as a governing body. From 1924, the University consisted of four faculties. In accordance with the Ministry's decree on October 31, 1924, the Faculty of Philosophy was divided into two separate faculties: the Faculty of Humanities and the Faculty of Mathematics. In the early 1920s, there were 55 departments, 19 units, 6 hospitals, 2 clinics, a faculty library, a university scientific library and archive, and botanical gardens at the university.

At the same time, the University does not have departments with Ukrainian as the language of instruction, and there are no professors of Ukrainian nationality. Only in 1933, associate professor I. Sventsitskyi received the right to teach. In1928/29, the Department of Ukrainian Philology was opened, headed by Professor J. Yanov.

The number of students at Lviv University was one of the largest in Poland. From 1919/20 to 1937/38, their number increased from 2,647 to 5,026 people. the principle of “Numerus Clausus” was introduced, according to which Ukrainians had restrictions on admission to university research (no more than 15% of applicants, Poles in this case were no less than 50%). The academic year will begin on October 1 and at the end of June 30. It was divided into 3 parts, or trimesters.

On April 23, 1923, Lviv University was moved to the house of the former parliament of Galicia, which became the main building of the university.

In the 1920-30s, Lviv University achieved significant success in the field of mathematics. Many scientists and mathematicians studied at the university: W. Sierpinski, CHAS. Steinhaus, S. Ruziewicz, E. Żyliński (since 1920), S. Banachowo (since 1922), W. Niklibor and J. Schauder (since 1927), S. Kaczmarz (since 1929), W. Orlicz (since 1934), HOUR. Auerbach and S. Mazur (since 1936). They created a strong mathematical think tank, known as the "Lviv School of Mathematics". S. overhead (1892-1945), author Theory of linear field operations, is considered his leader.

The physical science of the period was represented by Professor R. Negrusz, S. Loria, L. Infeld, W. Rubinowicz and others. Professor E. Fish, who headed the observatory, worked in the field of astronomy from 1932. S. Tołłoczko, V. Ishebiatovskyi, V. Kemula represent achievements in the field of chemistry. V. Kemula headed the department of physical chemistry created in 1937.

Geological science was further developed at the university. In 1921, professor. Z.Weyberg created and headed the Department of Crystallography. After him, the department was headed by L. Chrobak. In 1924, the Department of Mineralogy and Petrography was created, headed by prof. J. Tokarski.

Geographical science developed under the leadership of the famous scientist E. Romer. A. Zierhoffer worked in the field of economic geography.

Biological research was led by Professor J. Hirsler (1883-1951). Besides him, B.Fuliński (1881-1942), H.Poliushynskyi, K.Sembrat, R.Kuntze, J. Noskiewicz, S.Piliavskyi, L.Monne, Ya.Romanyshyn worked at the Institute of Zoology.

In 1926, the Department of Comparative Anatomy was transformed into an Institute, headed by Prof. K.Kwietniewski (1873-1942).

From 1918 to 1924, florist T. Wilczyński and botanist-geographer and paleobotanist M. Koczwara worked at the department of botany. From 1924, the department was headed by S. Kulchyńskyi. Research work during this period was mainly related to flora (S. Kulchyńkyi, S. Tolpa, M. Kostyniuk, H. Koziy). Professor of plant physiology S. Krzemeniewski was a well-known scientist.

During the interwar period, new departments at the Faculty of Medicine, the Department of Biology (1920), General Medicine (1932), Pharmaceutical Chemistry (1932), Health and History of Medicine (1930), Microbiology (1936) were opened.

The work of J. Badian (1930-1937) in the field of bacterial cytology has won recognition throughout the world. J. Lenartowicz was a well-known dermatologist. In 1936, N. Gąsiorowski organized and headed the Department of Microbiology. Professor R. Weigl (1883-1957) was the most famous medical microbiologist. From 1922, the Department of Biochemistry was headed by J. Parnas.

The Lwy-Warsaw school of philosophy was well known far beyond the borders of Poland. It was founded by K. Twardowski (1866-1938). There also the Polish Philosophical Society operates at Lviv University, which started many publications. Scientists Ya.Łukasiewicz, A.Tarski, I.Dąbska, S.Lushchevska, H.Melberh, L. Chwistek, M.Borovskyi, R.Ingarden, L.Blaustein and others belonged to the Lviv-Warsaw school of philosophy.

Historical research was presented by prominent researchers K. Chiliński (1880-1938), J. Ptaśnik (1876-1930), E. Modelski (1881-1966), F. Rocking Chair (1875-1953) and many others.

In the history of law, professors O. Balzer, P. Dąbkowski, associate professor K. Koranyi worked there; Professor. M.Allerhand, K.Stefko, E.Tiell, A.Doliński worked in the field of civil law and procedure, J.Markewicz (criminal law), professor. P. Ehrlich (public international law).

Polish research was one of the leading industries. E. Kucharski and K. Kolbuszewski continued to work in the area. The linguistic history of Polish studies of the period is associated with the names of A. Kalina, A. Krynski, K. Nitsch, H. Ulaszyn, H. Hartner and partly R. Pilat and W. Bruchnalski. The most valuable works of this period include the book by H. Hartner (1892-1935) Grammar of modern Polish.

Ukrainian philology at the university was presented by prof. J.Janów, classical philology prof. S.Vitkovskyi and R.Ganszyniec (1888-1958), German studies on Z.Czerny.

In 1925-1935, the Departments of Arabic, Hebrew, Aramaic, Turkish, Mongolian, Indian, Iranian Philology and the Department of Oriental History functioned at the university. Professor. M. Sharr, professor. Z. Smogorzewski, professor. W. Kotwicz, professor. G. Blatt, A. Tavaronskyi and J. Kurylowicz were among the well-known orientalists and linguists.

In accordance with the secret protocol agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union, on August 23, 1939, Western Ukraine became a zone under the influence of the Soviet Union. On September 22, Soviet troops entered Lviv. On October 26, 1939, the People's Assembly of Western Ukraine announced the proclamation of Soviet power.

During this period, Lviv University underwent radical changes. In accordance with the Charter of Higher Education of the USSR, a radical organizational restructuring of the university as an institute of higher education free of charge and free education for all citizens was made. The Faculty of Theology was liquidated. The pharmaceutical and medical departments were reorganized within the medical school. In October 1939, new departments were created, including the departments of history of Marxism-Leninism, Dialectical and historical materialism, Political economy, Ukrainian language, Ukrainian literature, Russian language, Russian literature, History of the USSR, History of Ukraine and physical education. Highly qualified teachers were supposed to educate young people on the basis of Marxist-Leninist ideology and a materialist worldview.

On December 2, 1940, the University Council approved a new university charter, which states that all citizens have the right to study at the university, regardless of their social origin, gender, race or nationality.

Famous scientists were invited to work at the university. Among them were literary critic M. Wozniak, literary critic V. Shchurat, folklorist and musicologist F. Kolessa, writer and literary critic M. Rudnytskyi, historian I. Krypyakevych, mathematician M. Zarytskyi and others. The People's Commissariat of Education also proposed 45 Researchers from Kyiv and Kharkov. Historian, associate professor M. Marchenko was appointed rector.

In accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on January 8, 1940, the name of the outstanding Ukrainian writer and thinker Ivan Franko was given to Lvov University.

On January 15, 1940, the university began to operate in accordance with the new curriculum based on the approved charter. It consisted of five faculties: history, philology (Departments of Ukrainian language and literature, Slavic philology, Romano-Germanic philology), Faculty of Law, Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (Departments of Mathematics, Mechanics, Physics), Faculty of Natural Sciences (Departments of Biology, Chemistry , geography, geology). Two new governing bodies were formed: the University Academic Council and the Faculty Council. They resolve issues of education, methodology, scientific work, as well as awarded scientific degrees and academic titles. The department remained the main teaching and research unit. In 1940, there were 52 departments. They conducted training activities, advanced courses, special seminars and training programs, and conducted research.

In the faculties of humanities, research continued for four years, and in the faculties of natural sciences for five years. In 1940, correspondence studies were introduced in the departments of history, philology, natural sciences, and mathematics. A branch of the All-Union Correspondence Law Institute was opened at the Faculty of Law.

The first scientific session of teachers took place in January-February 1941. In April, the first student conference was held. In 1940, a graduate school department was opened.

However, the work was stopped by the German attack on the Soviet Union and the invasion of Hitler's troops on June 30, 1941. First 70 days, prominent scientists from the university, polytechnic and medical institutions were detained, and after beatings and bullying were shot in the area of ​​​​the current street Sakharov. Outstanding scientists, including T. Boj-Zelensky, b. Longchamps Berier, M. all types, HOUR. Auerbach, S. Thing, were among those killed.

In 1942, the German occupation authorities closed higher educational institutions in Ukraine. The occupiers looted and destroyed the property of the university. The equipment that belonged to the laboratory at the faculties of Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry, as well as the library at the Department of Folklore and Ethnography numbering 15 thousand volumes, was exported to Germany. The main reading room in the scientific library was destroyed and volumes of valuable books, about five thousand old books and incunabula and 500 valuable manuscripts were taken away.

The restoration of the university began immediately after the city was liberated from Nazi troops. On July 30, 1944, a meeting was held at the University, where the participants (127 teachers and technical staff) appealed to the intelligentsia to actively participate in the restoration of the economy, education, cultural and educational institutions of the city.

In the second half of 1944 and the first half of 1945, mainly with the help of students and teachers, many university buildings were renovated including the Faculty of Biology at 4 Shcherbakova Street (Now Grushevskaya Street), the Faculty of Chemistry and Physics at 6 and 8 Lomonosov (Now Kirill and Methodius Street). The research library and hostel at 7 Herzen Street were renovated. The astronomical observatory and botanical garden have been partially restored.

After a break of more than three years, on October 15, 1944, 194 second, third and fourth year students began their studies at the university. 226 freshmen began their studies on November 1, 1944. It was possible to enter the university even after the start of the academic year. Until the end of March 1945, 799 students were studying at the university. Methodological seminars, an astronomical observatory, botanical gardens, a scientific library, geological and botanical museums have resumed their work.

In 1948, Professor H. Savin, a famous scientist in the field of mechanics, was appointed rector of the university. From 1951 to 1963, the university was headed by Ye.Lazarenko, geologist, famous scientist, professor, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences. From 1963 to 1981, Professor M.Maksymovych, a scientist in the field of electrical engineering, was the rector, in 1981-1990 - Professor V.Chuhayov, a researcher in the field of history.

After the war these changes continued. In 1945, the Faculty of Chemistry was created with four departments. At the end of 1950, the Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​was formed. as a consequence, there were only nine university faculties. At the same time, new departments were opened, their number increased to 71. In 1953, the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics was divided into the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics and the Faculty of Physics. In 1975, the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics was divided into the Faculty of Mathematics and the Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics.

In 1959, the General Department of the University of Foreign Languages ​​(English and German) was created to teach foreign languages ​​in non-specialized departments.

In 1953, the Department of Journalism was opened as part of the Faculty of Philology. The following year, she was organized into the Faculty of Journalism.

In 1966, the Faculty of Economics was created on the basis of the Lviv branch of the Kyiv Institute of National Economy. It consisted of the following departments: economics, organization and planning of economics, finance, accounting and statistics, mathematical methods in economics.

In 1975/76, the university had 13 faculties. In the same academic year, a preparatory faculty for foreign citizens was formed. It consisted of a department of Russian language and a department of natural sciences.

The growth in the number of faculties, departments, the development of new areas of research and the improvement of the educational process in connection with scientific and technological progress is necessary to expand university facilities. In 1950/51, the University had 12 academic buildings with a total area of ​​42.8 thousand square meters. m, and in 1959-1962, the working area was increased in connection with the reconstruction of the Department of Chemistry on Lomonosov Street. In the late 50s - early 60s, the university received a room in Sichovykh Streltsov Street (formerly September 17th Street), which housed a student library, the Faculty of Geography and the Faculty of Law and several private laboratories. In 1966, the university received a building at 18 Svobody Avenue, which housed the Faculty of Economics. In 1971, the Faculty of Physics received new premises on Drahomanov Street. In 1984, another building on the same street was given to the university. In 1984, the area of ​​university premises was completed at 55 thousand square meters. m.

The botanical gardens are among the oldest segments of the university. In 1957-1959, a plan for its development was developed. The botanical gardens were divided into two sections: the plant introduction section and the plant physiology section. In 1970, it received the status of a scientific institution.

The university's scientific library plays an important role in the educational process and scientific research. In the post-war years, his collection of sources increased by almost 5 times. In 1985, its funds exceeded 2,700 thousand units.

The development of educational, methodological and scientific activities of the university contributed to the creation of a publishing house in 1947. By order of the Minister of Higher Education of the USSR in April 1957, it was transformed into a statutory publishing house of Lviv University. It functioned as a structural unit of the university until 1968 (subsequently reorganized into the publishing house of the publishing association "Higher School" at Lviv University, and in 1989, it was transformed into an independent publishing house "Svit"). In 1948, the journal "Scientific Notes" was initiated, which showed scientific research being done at the faculties. since 1962, the magazine was published under the name Naukovi Zapysky ( Proceedings of Lviv University). Students also did not remain aloof from publishing activities. Three Questions Student Almanac (1954, 1956, 1958) was published. A large number of textbooks and educational materials were printed in the university offset laboratory machine, created in 1959.

In the post-war years, the university formed a team of highly qualified scientists. From 1946 to 1965, university employees defended 53 doctoral dissertations, and 52 were defended between 1965 and 1975. From 1946 to 1975, 842 dissertations. University professors were elected and appointed as academicians and corresponding members of the USSR, and were also awarded honorary degrees. This shows general recognition of valuable contributions to science. In particular, in 1948, professors O.Vyalov, B.Hniedenko, H.Savin, in 1958, professor I. Krypyakevych were members of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1961, Professor V. Soboliev became a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. University graduates O.Parasiuk, Ya.Pidstryhach, I.Yukhnovskyi, V.Panasiuk, R.Kucher, M.Brodin, Ye.Fradkin were among the members of the National Academy of Sciences. Famous Ukrainian writers R.Bratun, Pavlichko, R.Ivanychuk, R.Fedoriv, ​​V.Luchuk studied at the university.

In the 1950s and 60s, research groups were formed within departments and faculties. This provided the basis for the development of scientific directions, including the theory of plasticity and strength, differential equations, theoretical mineralogy, physical and chemical analysis of metal, national economic resources and culture of the western regions of the USSR, historical and cultural ties between Slavic peoples. The development of most of these disciplines in subsequent years determined the scientific paths of Lviv University. In the 1960s and 70s, state research subjects coordinated by the USSR expanded significantly. The issue of economic contracts gradually came into play.

Year after year, the number of students studying in the first year of the university has increased. This contributed to the creation of new branches. In 1950, 575 people entered the university as first-year students; in 1970, the number increased to 1,100; in 1985, more than 1,300 people. In 1947/48, a part-time office began operating, allowing one to obtain a higher education and work at the same time. In 1951-1953, university correspondence courses were started. 300-325 persons enrolled in the course. In 1965, their number increased to almost 1,200 people. In 1959, the university began admitting students to evening courses in Ukrainian language and literature, history, physics, mathematics, and chemistry. In 1960-1962, evening courses in Law, Russian Language and Literature, English and German, and Biology were added; in 1963-1965 - radiophysics and electronics, computational mathematics, biochemistry; in 1966 - economic and industrial planning, accounting; in 1970 - organization of mechanized processing of economic information. Admission to the first evening courses in those years was 300-350 people annually. Evening studies were discontinued in 1992.

From 1969 to 1996/97, preparatory courses, training young people for university, functioned at the university. Since 1971, the university has been providing training and retraining. Since 1989, 5,998 people have purchased a second major from the Institute for Advanced Studies and Training.

The declaration of independence of Ukraine is a new page in the history of Lviv University. In 1990, the university was headed by university professor, Doctor of Sciences Ivan Vakarchuk. Thanks to the implementation of large-scale educational reforms, new faculties and departments were opened. In 1992, the Faculty of International Relations, the Faculty of Philosophy was opened; in 1997, Department of Pre-University Training. In 1992, the Institute of Historical Research, headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences J. Gritsak, was founded. Since 1997, the following university departments have been formed, including the College of Law, the Humanities Research Center, the Institute of Literary Studies, and the Center for Italian Language and Culture. Since 1978, there has been constant cooperation with the Lviv Regional Minor Academy of Sciences, which annually has about 1,000 students. The university conducts classes, lectures, and research seminars for students under the guidance of scientists.

On October 11, 1999, by Decree of the President of Ukraine Ivan Franko, Lviv State University received the status of “National”.

At the moment, Lviv University is considered one of the most prestigious universities in our country. It received high international authority and became a powerful scientific center.

On the pediment of the main building of Lviv University there is a slogan: “The country's environment for the education of citizens” (Educated citizens, glory of the Fatherland). The university community is working hard to make this vision a reality. Transforming the university into a modern European institution while preserving the best national academic traditions is the main goal of the university community.

Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko (I. Franko Leningrad National University)
Main building of Lviv University (former building of the Galician Sejm)
original name	Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko
International name	Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Former names	Lviv University named after Jan Casimir
Motto	Рatriae deсori сіvibus еduсandis
Year of foundation
Rector
Legal address	Ukraine Ukraine, 79000, Lviv, st. Universitetskaya 1
Website

Coordinates: 49°51′00″ n. w. 24°01′00″ E. d. /  49.85° N. w. 24.016667° E. d. / 49.85; 24.016667 (G) (I) K: Educational institutions founded in 1661

Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko(ukr. Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko listen)) is one of the oldest universities in Eastern Europe and the oldest university in Ukraine. In the past it was called Lviv University named after Jan Casimir.

Story

The object is included in the state register of monuments of Ukraine. A monument to the history of Ukraine of national significance. Security number: 130004-N

The founding date of the University is considered to be January 20, 1661, when the decree of the Polish King John II Casimir awarded the status of an academy and the “title of university” to the Jesuit college. Formal confirmation of the rights of the academy and the university followed in -.

Architecture of the main building

The current building of the main building of Lviv University at 1 Universitetskaya Street was built in -1881 (architect J. Hochberger). Initially, it housed the Regional Sejm of Galicia and Lodomeria. The facade is decorated with a majestic portico with columns and a loggia, sculptural allegorical groups “Work” and “Education” at the entrance, “Galicia, Vistula and Dniester” - on the attic (sculptor T. Rieger). In 1920, the building was transferred to the Jan Casimir University of Lviv.

Modernity

In the 1997/1998 academic year, 11,649 students studied full-time, including 2,980 on the basis of full reimbursement of tuition costs; 3,680 students studied part-time, of which 2,543 were paying students. The full course of study lasted 5 years. The University has 112 departments, four of which were opened in 2001. The main form of training of scientific personnel is graduate school; for the 1997/1998 academic year, it trained specialists in 89 specialties in the humanities and natural sciences; 505 people studied full-time in graduate school, and 206 part-time students.

Faculties

• Biological
• Geographical
• Geological
• Economic
• Electronics
• Pre-university training
• Journalism
• Foreign languages
• Historical
• Culture and arts
• International relations
• Mechanics and mathematics
• Applied Mathematics and Computer Science
• Physical
• Philological
• Philosophical
• Chemical
• Legal

University rating

Famous teachers

see also

• Astronomical Observatory of Ivan Franko Lviv National University

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Rectors Lviv University XXI century

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An excerpt characterizing Ivan Franko Lviv National University

“But what about,” Plato quickly answered, “a horse festival.” And we must feel sorry for the livestock,” Karataev said. - Look, the rogue has curled up. She got warm, the son of a bitch,” he said, feeling the dog at his feet, and, turning around again, immediately fell asleep.
Outside, crying and screams could be heard somewhere in the distance, and fire could be seen through the cracks of the booth; but in the booth it was quiet and dark. Pierre did not sleep for a long time and, with open eyes, lay in his place in the darkness, listening to the measured snoring of Plato, who lay next to him, and felt that the previously destroyed world was now being erected in his soul with new beauty, on some new and unshakable foundations.

In the booth into which Pierre entered and in which he stayed for four weeks, there were twenty-three captured soldiers, three officers and two officials.
All of them then appeared to Pierre as if in a fog, but Platon Karataev remained forever in Pierre’s soul as the strongest and dearest memory and personification of everything Russian, kind and round. When the next day, at dawn, Pierre saw his neighbor, the first impression of something round was completely confirmed: the whole figure of Plato in his French overcoat belted with a rope, in a cap and bast shoes, was round, his head was completely round, his back, chest, shoulders, even the hands that he carried, as if always about to hug something, were round; a pleasant smile and large brown gentle eyes were round.
Platon Karataev must have been over fifty years old, judging by his stories about the campaigns in which he participated as a long-time soldier. He himself did not know and could not determine in any way how old he was; but his teeth, bright white and strong, which kept rolling out in their two semicircles when he laughed (which he often did), were all good and intact; There was not a single gray hair in his beard or hair, and his whole body had the appearance of flexibility and, especially, hardness and endurance.
His face, despite the small round wrinkles, had an expression of innocence and youth; his voice was pleasant and melodious. But the main feature of his speech was its spontaneity and argument. He apparently never thought about what he said and what he would say; and because of this, the speed and fidelity of his intonations had a special irresistible persuasiveness.
His physical strength and agility were such during the first time of captivity that it seemed that he did not understand what fatigue and illness were. Every day, in the morning and in the evening, when he lay down, he said: “Lord, lay it down like a pebble, lift it up into a ball”; in the morning, getting up, always shrugging his shoulders in the same way, he said: “I lay down and curled up, got up and shook myself.” And indeed, as soon as he lay down, he immediately fell asleep like a stone, and as soon as he shook himself, he immediately, without a second of delay, took up some task, like children, getting up, taking up their toys. He knew how to do everything, not very well, but not badly either. He baked, steamed, sewed, planed, and made boots. He was always busy and only at night allowed himself conversations, which he loved, and songs. He sang songs, not as songwriters sing, who know that they are being listened to, but he sang like birds sing, obviously because he needed to make these sounds just as it is necessary to stretch or disperse; and these sounds were always subtle, gentle, almost feminine, mournful, and at the same time his face was very serious.
Having been captured and grown a beard, he apparently threw away everything alien and soldierly that had been imposed on him and involuntarily returned to his former, peasant, folk mindset.
“A soldier on leave is a shirt made from trousers,” he used to say. He was reluctant to talk about his time as a soldier, although he did not complain, and often repeated that throughout his service he was never beaten. When he spoke, he mainly spoke from his old and, apparently, dear memories of “Christian”, as he pronounced it, peasant life. The sayings that filled his speech were not those, mostly indecent and glib sayings that soldiers say, but they were those folk sayings that seem so insignificant, taken in isolation, and which suddenly take on the meaning of deep wisdom when they are spoken opportunely.
Often he said the exact opposite of what he had said before, but both were true. He loved to talk and spoke well, decorating his speech with endearments and proverbs, which, it seemed to Pierre, he was inventing himself; but the main charm of his stories was that in his speech the simplest events, sometimes the very ones that Pierre saw without noticing them, took on the character of solemn beauty. He loved to listen to fairy tales that one soldier told in the evenings (all the same ones), but most of all he loved to listen to stories about real life. He smiled joyfully as he listened to such stories, inserting words and making questions that tended to clarify for himself the beauty of what was being told to him. Karataev had no attachments, friendship, love, as Pierre understood them; but he loved and lived lovingly with everything that life brought him to, and especially with a person - not with some famous person, but with those people who were before his eyes. He loved his mongrel, he loved his comrades, the French, he loved Pierre, who was his neighbor; but Pierre felt that Karataev, despite all his affectionate tenderness towards him (with which he involuntarily paid tribute to Pierre’s spiritual life), would not for a minute be upset by separation from him. And Pierre began to feel the same feeling towards Karataev.
Platon Karataev was for all the other prisoners the most ordinary soldier; his name was Falcon or Platosha, they mocked him good-naturedly and sent him for parcels. But for Pierre, as he presented himself on the first night, an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth, that is how he remained forever.
Platon Karataev knew nothing by heart except his prayer. When he gave his speeches, he, starting them, seemed not to know how he would end them.
When Pierre, sometimes amazed at the meaning of his speech, asked him to repeat what he had said, Plato could not remember what he had said a minute ago - just as he could not tell Pierre his favorite song in words. It said: “darling, little birch and I feel sick,” but the words didn’t make any sense. He did not understand and could not understand the meaning of words taken separately from speech. His every word and every action was a manifestation of an activity unknown to him, which was his life. But his life, as he himself looked at it, had no meaning as a separate life. She made sense only as a part of the whole, which he constantly felt. His words and actions poured out of him as uniformly, necessarily, and directly as a scent is released from a flower. He could not understand either the price or the meaning of a single action or word.

Ivan Franko Lviv National University is one of the oldest universities in Ukraine; January 20, 2011 marked 350 years since its founding.

It all started with a fraternal school, which was reorganized into a Jesuit college, to which King John II Casimir on January 20, 1661 granted “the dignity of an academy and the title of a university” with the right to teach all the then university disciplines, awarding academic degrees of bachelor, licentiate, master and doctor.

After the dissolution of the Jesuit Order in 1773, Lviv University was closed. However, soon a number of divisions of the Jesuit academy became the basis of the Josephine University in Lviv, with the entry of Galicia into the Austrian Empire. The highest governing body of the university was the senate (consistory). It consisted of the rector, deans and seniors (the oldest professors in terms of age and experience). The Senate decided on the most important issues relating to the general management of the university. All other matters were decided by the deans, who were also the directors of the faculties. From 1787 to 1806, the studium Ruthenum functioned at the Faculty of Theology - Ukrainian (“Russian”) courses with two-year training in the Ukrainian language.

During the second half of the 19th century. The struggle continued for the right of women to attend university studios. In 1897, women were allowed to study at the Faculty of Philosophy, and in 1900 at the Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacy. Women repeatedly demanded to be allowed to study at the Faculty of Law, but the government did not meet them halfway.

1917, then Galician Seym

Education at the university for the vast majority of students was paid. Students of the Faculty of Theology did not pay tuition at all. In secular faculties, only a portion of students enjoyed such benefits (students who submitted a certificate of poverty and successfully completed semester colloquiums). In addition to tuition fees, students paid a fee for immatriculation (ceremonial acceptance as a student), paid for exams, colloquiums, seminars, for the right to use the library, etc. There were also student scholarships. The scholarship fund consisted primarily of donations from individuals. The most famous were scholarship funds named after Karol Ludwik, J. Slovacki, Tsalevich, Gaecki, etc. Students had dormitories, but the number of places in them was limited.

In whose house from 1851 to 1920 there was Lviv University, and also the Faculty of Biology

After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Galicia was captured by Poland. The Ministry of Religions and Education of Poland already on November 18, 1918, by a special order, announced that it was taking Lviv University under its guardianship, and named it after the Polish king John Casimir. The only language of instruction in the educational institution was Polish; only at the Faculty of Theology were certain disciplines taught in Latin. Departments teaching in Ukrainian were closed. Within two or three years, all professors and associate professors of Ukrainian nationality were fired from their jobs, and Ukrainian youth were limited in their access to university education.

According to the articles of the secret protocol to the agreement between the USSR and Germany of August 23, 1939, Western Ukraine fell into the zone of influence of the Soviet Union. On September 22, Soviet troops entered Lviv. On October 26, 1939, the puppet People's Assembly of Western Ukraine met in Lvov, which proclaimed the introduction of Soviet power. During this period, Lviv University also underwent radical changes. According to the Charter of the USSR Higher School, a radical organizational restructuring of the university was carried out as a higher educational institution with free and open education for all citizens. The theological faculty was liquidated, and the medical department with the pharmaceutical department was reorganized into a medical institute. In October 1939, new departments were created: history of Marxism-Leninism, dialectical and historical materialism, political economy, Ukrainian language, Ukrainian literature, Russian language, Russian literature, history of the USSR, history of Ukraine, physical education. Along with ensuring high professional training of specialists, they were supposed to educate young people on the basis of Marxist-Leninist ideology and a materialist worldview.

By decree of January 8, 1940, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR named Lviv State University after the outstanding Ukrainian writer and thinker Ivan Franko, who studied at the Faculty of Philosophy in the 70s of the 19th century.

The work of the university was stopped with the German attack on the Soviet Union and the June 30, 1941 invasion of Lviv by Nazi troops. In the first days, 70 famous scientists from the university, polytechnic and medical institutes were arrested, and after beatings and abuse they were shot in the area of ​​​​what is now Sakharov Street. In 1942, the German occupation authorities closed universities in Ukraine. The occupiers robbed and destroyed university property. The equipment of the classrooms and laboratories of the faculties of physics, mathematics and chemistry, as well as the library of the department of folklore and ethnography, which numbered 15 thousand volumes, were exported to Germany. From the university's scientific library, in which the main reading room was destroyed, 20 thousand volumes of the most valuable books, about 5 thousand early printed and incunabula, and 500 valuable manuscripts were taken away.

The restoration of the university's activities began immediately after the liberation of Lvov from Nazi troops. On July 30, 1944, a meeting was held at the university, the participants of which - 127 teachers and technical workers - appealed to the intelligentsia to take an active part in the restoration of the economy, educational, cultural and educational institutions of Lvov. During 1944 - 1945, mainly by students and teachers, the premises on the street were organized. Shcherbakova (now Grushevsky), 4 (biological faculty), on the street. Lomonosov (now Cyril and Methodius), 6 and 8 (chemical and physical buildings), the scientific library and hostel on the street were renovated. Herzen, 7, an astronomical observatory and a botanical garden were partially rebuilt. After a break of more than three years, the University welcomed students again on October 15, 1944.

The declaration of independence of Ukraine is a new page in the history of the University. In 1990, the University was headed by Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Ivan Vakarchuk. The opening of new faculties and departments is the implementation of a large-scale program of reforms in the organization of studies at Lviv University. The Faculty of International Relations, the Faculty of Philosophy, the Faculty of Pre-University Training, and the Institute of Historical Research were founded, headed by Doctor of Historical Sciences J. Gritsak. On October 11, 1999, by Decree of the President of Ukraine, Ivan Franko Lviv State University was awarded the status of “national”.

On the pediment of the main building of the Ivan Franko Lviv National University there is a slogan: “Patriae decori civibus educandis” (“Educated citizens are the adornment of the Motherland”). The University team is working hard to realize this idea.

Reading room of the scientific library named after. M. Dragomanova.

Rector of the University, Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Ivan Vakarchuk welcomes the first-year students.

Graduates

Solemn initiation into students.

Celebrating the 350th anniversary of the University

And these are the teachers of the Ukrainian language department))))))))) I remember you, my dear teachers))))))))

The students presented Ivan Franko with a robe...

Students dancing...

Dear friends! Come study at Ivan Franko Lviv National State University!

Today, there are more than 800 universities in Ukraine, among which a special place is occupied by one of the oldest higher educational institutions in Eastern Europe - Ivan Franko Lviv National University.

general information

According to data for 2014, almost 14 thousand students are studying at LNU, of which just over 10 thousand are full-time students and about 3.5 thousand are part-time students. In addition, 812 graduate students are preparing to defend their dissertations. As for the scientific teaching staff, out of 1,500 teachers, 536 are associate professors, 157 are professors, 612 are candidates of science and 131 are doctors of science.

Lviv Ivan Franko: how to get there

The main building of LNU is located in the building in which the Regional Galician Sejm met in the last quarter of the 19th century. the building in the style of classicism is plastered in light yellow color and decorated with columns, and on its pediment and portico you can see allegorical sculptural compositions “Work”, “Education”, etc. Also on its facade one cannot help but notice the ancient motto of Lviv University in Latin, which translated as “Educated citizens are the adornment of the Motherland.” Address of the main building of LNU: st. Sichovykh Riflemen, 14, and the legal address of the university is Universitetskaya Street, 1. In addition, the Faculty of Electronics is located on Drahomanov Street, at 50. To get to the street you can use trams running on routes 1 and 9, or minibuses number 29 and number 29a.

Lviv National University named after Ivan Franko: history

LNU has such an interesting and eventful history that even a brief summary of it would require more than one page. Suffice it to say that it was founded on the basis of the Jesuit college, operating in Lviv since 1608. In 1661, King John II Casimir signed an act granting university rights to this educational institution. Thus, until 1773, Lviv University was under the leadership of the Jesuits, and the main subjects were theology, philosophy and Latin. After Galicia became part of the Habsburg Empire, the activities of the Jesuit society, like other Catholic orders, were discontinued, and teaching began to be conducted in Ukrainian. A century later, the famous writer and political figure Ivan Franko studied within the walls of Lviv University, whose name was given to LNU (then Leningrad State University) in 1940. In the last decades of the 20th century, as part of the modernization of the university, modern departments were introduced here and several new departments were opened, which cannot but please teachers and students.

Faculties of Lviv University

At LNU named after. Ivan Franko has 17 faculties, including biology, geology, geography, applied mathematics and computer science, economics, electronics, journalism, history, foreign languages, culture and art, international relations, physics, philosophy, law, chemistry, philology and mechanics and mathematics. They include 112 departments, and some of them have museums. For example, as part of the Faculty of Biology there is a Zoological Museum, based on a cabinet of natural history, opened in 1784, and at the Faculty of History there is an Archaeological Museum, which is considered one of the famous attractions of the city of Lviv.

Scientific and educational institutions operating at LNU

In addition to those mentioned above, Ivan Franko Lviv National University includes a number of scientific institutions. For example, it operates: a botanical garden, an astronomical observatory, a university history museum, centers for information technology in the Nordic countries and humanities research, scientific institutes for French studies, Slavic studies, European integration and many others. Among the educational institutions of LNU, the Pedagogical and Law Colleges, the Italian Language Center and the Classical Gymnasium deserve special mention.

Rules for admission to LNU

Ivan Franko Lviv National University accepts applicants for undergraduate studies. To do this, it is necessary to submit to the university educational certificates in 3 subjects, determined by the conditions for admission in 2014, depending on the specific specialty chosen by the applicant. Moreover, since Lviv National University, named after I. Franko, is classified as a research university, it has the right to independently determine the list of competitive subjects.

International cooperation and training of foreign citizens

LNU named after I. Franko has been actively involved in teaching and training for more than one year. Every year, more than a hundred students attend lectures on a wide range of disciplines in foreign universities. Moreover, students of the history and geography departments undergo practical training at universities in Poland, Germany, Hungary, Slovakia, Austria and the Czech Republic, and employees of the philological, mechanical and mathematical, chemical departments, the faculty of international relations, as well as the faculties of applied mathematics and computer science are trained in educational institutions. establishments in Poland, France, Colombia, Switzerland and Austria. As for foreign students, a summer school is held annually (under a grant from the United States government and with the assistance of the University of Kansas) for students from the United States who undergo a six-week internship at LNU in the history of Ukraine and the Ukrainian language.

Notable alumni and professors

Lviv National University named after. I. Franko, who will soon celebrate his 350th birthday, is the alma mother for hundreds of thousands of graduates. Among those who graduated from this university, there are many scientists, artists, politicians and businessmen who are known far beyond the borders of Ukraine. For example, in addition to Ivan Franko, it graduated from: the famous Ukrainian poet Bohdan Lepky, the creator of the first effective anti-typhoid vaccine Rudolf Weigl, the author of the term “genocide” - Raphael Lemkin, one of the pioneers of modern probability theory - Mark Katz and many others. The teaching staff of LNU is no less stellar. Over the years, the university taught: the outstanding mathematician Stefan Banach, the representative of Poland in the League of Nations - Shimon Ashkenazi, the famous linguist - Jerzy Kurilovich, the famous Polish physicist - Marian Smoluchowski and many others.