First aid measures for electric shock. First aid rules for electric shock. Section: power supply and electrical safety

I CONFIRM:

Head of the organization

(deputy head of the organization,

whose official duties

includes labor safety issues)

___________ __________________

(signature) (surname, initials)

"_____"_________________20___

INSTRUCTIONS

on providing first aid to victims of electric shock

1. General requirements for first aid

1.1. First aid is a set of urgent measures carried out in case of accidents and sudden illnesses, aimed at stopping the action of the damaging factor, eliminating life-threatening phenomena, alleviating suffering and preparing the victim for sending to a medical institution.

First aid is the simplest medical actions performed directly at the scene of an accident as soon as possible after an injury. It turns out, as a rule, not by doctors, but by workers who are at the time of the incident directly at the scene of the incident or close to it. The optimal period for providing first aid is considered to be 30 minutes after injury.

1.2. The first aid provider must adhere to the following recommendations:

• free the victim from further exposure to hazardous production factors (electric current, chemicals, water, etc.), assess the condition of the victim, if necessary, remove him to fresh air, and remove clothing that restricts breathing;
• determine the nature and extent of the damage, for which purpose expose the damaged part of the body or remove all clothing from the victim. Undressing and dressing the victim should be done carefully, not to cause pain or re-injury;
• carry out the necessary measures to save the victim in order of urgency (restore airway patency, if necessary, perform artificial respiration, external cardiac massage, stop bleeding, immobilize the fracture site, apply a bandage, etc.);
• support the victim’s basic vital functions until a medical professional arrives;
• call medical workers or take measures to transport the victim to the nearest medical facility.

1.3. The person providing assistance should know:

• basics of working in extreme conditions;
• main signs of violations of the vital functions of the human body;
• rules, methods, techniques for providing first aid in relation to the characteristics of a specific accident, a specific person;
• basic methods of transporting and evacuating victims;
• artificial respiration techniques (cleaning the mouth, correct position of the victim’s head when performing artificial respiration, performing artificial respiration “mouth to mouth” or “mouth to nose”);
• techniques for performing indirect cardiac massage (location of hands, position of the person providing assistance).

1.4. The person providing assistance must be able to:

• quickly and correctly assess the situation, navigate in extreme conditions (including electrical installations, on water, etc.);
• assess the condition of the victim, diagnose the type and characteristics of the lesion (injury);
• determine the type of first aid required, the sequence of appropriate measures, monitor their effectiveness, and, if necessary, correct the measures;
• correctly carry out the entire complex of first aid, monitor effectiveness, and make adjustments;
• resuscitation measures taking into account the condition of the victim;
• temporarily stop bleeding by applying a tourniquet, a pressure bandage, or digital pressure on the vessel;
• perform artificial respiration “mouth to mouth” (“mouth to nose”) and closed cardiac massage and evaluate their effectiveness;
• apply bandages, scarves, transport splints for fractures of skeletal bones, severe bruises;
• immobilize the damaged part of the body in case of bone fracture, severe bruise, thermal injury;
• provide assistance in case of electric shock, including in extreme conditions;
• provide assistance in case of heat and sunstroke, drowning, acute poisoning, vomiting, unconsciousness;
• use available means when providing first aid, when carrying, loading, transporting a victim;
• determine the need to call an ambulance or a medical worker;
• evacuate the victim by passing (unsuitable) transport;
• use a first aid kit.

1.5. Depending on the influencing factor, injuries are divided into:

• mechanical (wounds, bruises, ruptures of internal organs, bone fractures, dislocations);
• physical (burns, heat stroke, frostbite, electric shock or lightning, radiation sickness, etc.);
• chemical (exposure to acids, alkalis, toxic substances);
• biological (exposure to bacterial toxins), mental (fear, shock, etc.).

Depending on the type of injury, a certain set of measures are used aimed at saving the life and health of the victim.

If it is impossible to call a doctor to the scene of the incident, it is necessary to ensure that the victim is transported to the nearest medical facility. The victim can be transported only if breathing is satisfactory and the pulse is stable. If the condition of the victim does not allow him to be transported, it is necessary to continue to provide assistance.

2. Release from electric current (general recommendations)

2.1. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to free the victim from the action of the current as soon as possible, since the severity of the electrical injury depends on the duration of this action.

2.2. Touching live parts that are energized in most cases causes involuntary muscle contractions and general agitation, which can lead to disruption and even complete cessation of the respiratory and circulatory system.

If the victim holds the wire with his hands, his fingers become so tight that it becomes impossible to free the wire from his hands. Therefore, the first action of the person providing assistance should be to immediately turn off that part of the electrical installation that the victim is touching.

Disconnection is carried out using switches, a switch or other disconnecting device, as well as by removing or unscrewing fuses (plugs), plug connection connector.

2.3. If the victim is at a height, then turning off the installation and thereby releasing the current can cause him to fall. In this case, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the victim from falling or to ensure his safety.

2.4. When an electrical installation is switched off, the electric light may go out at the same time. In this regard, in the absence of daylight, it is necessary to take care of lighting from another source (turn on emergency lighting, battery-powered flashlights, etc.), taking into account the explosion and fire hazard of the room, without delaying the shutdown of the electrical installation and the provision of assistance to the victim.

2.5. If it is impossible to turn off the installation quickly enough, it is necessary to take other measures to free the victim from the action of the current. In all cases, the person providing assistance should not touch the victim without proper precautions, as this is life-threatening. He must also ensure that he himself does not come into contact with the live part and under step voltage.

3. Relief from electric current with voltage up to 1000 V

3.1. To separate the victim from live parts or wires with voltage up to 1000 V, you should use a rope, stick, board or some other dry object that does not conduct electric current, you can also pull it by the clothes (if they are dry and move away from the body), for example, by the tails of a jacket or coat, by the collar, while avoiding contact with surrounding metal objects and parts of the victim’s body not covered by clothing.

3.2. When pulling the victim by the legs, the person providing assistance should not touch his shoes or clothing without good insulation of his hands, since shoes and clothing may be damp and conduct electric current.

3.3. To isolate the hands, the person providing assistance must wear dielectric gloves or wrap a scarf around the hand, put a cloth cap on it, pull a sleeve, jacket or coat over the hand, throw a rubber mat, rubberized material (cloak) or just dry material over the victim. You can also isolate yourself by standing on a rubber mat, a dry board or any non-electrically conductive bedding, a bundle of clothes, etc. When separating a victim from live parts, it is recommended to act with one hand, holding the other in your pocket or behind your back.

3.4. If an electric current passes into the ground through the victim and he convulsively squeezes one current-carrying element (for example, a wire) in his hand, it is easier to interrupt the current by separating the victim from the ground (slide a dry board under him, or pull his legs off the ground with a rope, or pull him by his clothes) , while observing the above precautions both in relation to yourself and in relation to the victim.

You can also cut the wires with an ax with a dry wooden handle or cut them with a tool with insulated handles (nippers, pliers, etc.).

It is necessary to cut and cut wires in phases, i.e., each wire separately, and it is recommended to stand, if possible, on dry boards, a wooden ladder, etc. You can also use a non-insulated tool, wrapping its handle in a dry cloth.

4. Exemption from electric current with voltage above 1000 V

4.1. To separate the victim from a live part energized above 1000 V, you should wear dielectric gloves and boots and use a rod or insulating pliers designed for the appropriate voltage; At the same time, one must remember about the danger of step voltage if the current-carrying part (wire, etc.) lies on the ground, and after freeing the victim from the action of the current, it is necessary to remove him from the dangerous area.

4.2. On power lines, when it is impossible to quickly disconnect them from power points, to free the victim if he touches the wires, the wires should be short-circuited by throwing a flexible, uninsulated wire over them. The wire must have a sufficient cross-section so that it does not burn out when a short circuit current passes through it.

Before making a surge, one end of the wire must be grounded (connect it to a grounded metal support, etc.).

For ease of throwing, it is advisable to attach a weight to the free end of the conductor. The conductor must be thrown so that it does not touch people, including the person providing assistance and the victim. If the victim touches one wire, then it is enough to ground only this wire.

5. First aid for an electric shock victim

5.1. After releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to assess his condition. The signs by which you can quickly determine the condition of the victim are as follows:

• consciousness: clear, absent, impaired (the victim is inhibited, excited);
• color of the skin and visible mucous membranes (lips, eyes): pink, bluish, pale;
• breathing: normal, absent, impaired (irregular, shallow, wheezing);
• pulse on the carotid artery: well defined (rhythm correct or incorrect), poorly defined, absent;
• pupils: narrow, wide.

5.2. With certain skills and self-control, the person providing assistance within one minute is able to assess the condition of the victim and decide in what volume and order assistance should be provided to him.

5.3. The color of the skin and the presence of breathing (by the rise and fall of the chest) are assessed visually. You should not waste precious time applying mirrors or shiny metal objects to your mouth and nose. Loss of consciousness is also, as a rule, judged visually, and to finally make sure of its absence, you can contact the victim with a question about his well-being.

5.4. The pulse in the carotid artery is felt with the pads of the second, third and fourth fingers, placing them along the neck between the Adam's apple (Adam's apple) and the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lightly pressing it against the spine. Techniques for determining the pulse in the carotid artery are very easy to practice on yourself or on your loved ones.

5.5. The width of the pupils with the eyes closed is determined as follows: the pads of the index fingers are placed on the upper eyelids of both eyes and, lightly pressing them against the eyeball, they are lifted up. At the same time, the palpebral fissure opens and a rounded iris is visible on a white background, and in the center of its rounded shape there are black pupils, the condition of which (narrow or wide) is assessed by how much area of ​​the iris they occupy.

5.6. As a rule, the degree of impairment of consciousness, the color of the skin and the state of breathing can be assessed simultaneously with palpating the pulse, which takes no more than 1 minute. Examination of the pupils can be carried out in a few seconds.

5.7. If the victim has no consciousness, breathing, pulse, the skin is bluish, and the pupils are wide (5 millimeters in diameter), we can assume that he is in a state of clinical death and immediately begin to revive the body using artificial respiration using the mouth-to-mouth method. mouth" or "mouth to nose" and external cardiac massage. You should not undress the victim, wasting precious seconds.

5.8. If the victim breathes very rarely and convulsively, but his pulse is palpable, it is necessary to immediately begin artificial respiration. It is not necessary that the victim be in a horizontal position when performing artificial respiration.

5.9. When you start reviving, you need to take care of calling a doctor or emergency medical assistance. This should be done not by the person providing assistance, who cannot interrupt its provision, but by someone else.

5.10. If the victim is conscious, but previously fainted or was unconscious, but with stable breathing and pulse, he should be laid on a bedding, for example, clothing; unbutton clothes that are restricting breathing; create an influx of fresh air; warm the body if it’s cold; provide coolness if it’s hot; create complete peace by continuously monitoring your pulse and breathing; remove unnecessary people.

5.11. If the victim is unconscious, it is necessary to observe his breathing and in case of breathing problems due to the retraction of the tongue, push the lower jaw forward, grasping its corners with your fingers, and maintain it in this position until the retraction of the tongue stops.

5.12. If the victim vomits, it is necessary to turn his head and shoulders to the left to remove the vomit.

5.13. Under no circumstances should the victim be allowed to move, much less continue to work, since the absence of visible severe damage from electric current or other causes (fall, etc.) does not exclude the possibility of a subsequent deterioration of his condition.

5.14. The victim should be transferred to another place only in cases where he or the person providing assistance continues to be in danger or when providing assistance on the spot is impossible (for example, on a support).

5.15. Under no circumstances should you bury the victim in the ground, as this will only cause harm and lead to the loss of precious minutes for saving him.

In case of lightning, the same assistance is provided as in case of electric shock.

I have read the instructions:

(signature) (surname, initials)

"____" ____________ 20____

AGREED

Head of the labor safety service (labor safety specialist or specialist assigned these responsibilities)

_______________ _______________________

(signature) (surname, initials)

Head of structural unit (developer)

_______________ _______________________

(signature) (surname, initials)

In case of electric shock, the following factors are important: its strength, voltage, frequency; humidity of the victim’s skin, clothing, air; the duration of contact, as well as the type of electrical loop, i.e., the current path in the body.

Types of electrical loops

Electrical loops come in the following types:

Lower, when the electric current passes from leg to leg (Fig. 1);

Upper - electric current passes from hand to hand (Fig. 2);

Full - the electric current passes either from the leg to the arm, or from the arm to the leg (Fig. 3).

N
The most dangerous current loop is the one whose path lies through the heart.

Normal line voltage would never seem to cause fatal injury, yet contact with household electricity is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest.

The main cause of death in these cases is ventricular fibrillation.

P
concept of cardiac fibrillation

To understand the cause of ventricular fibrillation during electrical damage, it is necessary to understand that the muscle mass of the heart - the myocardium - consists of individual neuromuscular fibers (myocytes), each of which is capable of independent excitation and contraction. And the consistency of their contractions in a certain rhythm is ensured by a tiny section of nervous tissue located in the right atrium, which is called the sinus node (Fig. 4).

AND
It is thanks to the excitation impulses emanating from the sinus node that the coordinated work of all muscle fibers of the heart is carried out.

ABOUT
however, unfortunately, the harmony of the work of our heart can be destroyed in an instant by even a small electrical impulse, if it occurs at the final part of the heartbeat; the heart is most vulnerable to any sudden irritants, and instead of a coordinated, simultaneous contraction of the ventricular myocardium, scattered and chaotic twitching of its individual parts will begin fibers, the so-called ventricular fibrillation occurs: the ventricles, having lost the ability to coordinate contraction, stop throwing blood into the aorta and the heart stops (Fig. 6).

The ECG will record twitching of individual bundles of muscle fibers in the form of a “sawtooth” curve gradually decreasing in amplitude, which will eventually turn into an endless straight line, and the victim finds himself in a state of clinical death (Fig. 7).

Signs of Electric Shock

M
The following possible signs of electric shock can be identified:

The victim lies on or near an electrical appliance;

There may be a burning smell;

Pale skin color;

Absence of pulsation in the carotid arteries;

Lack of breathing;

- “signs of current” (burns where electric current entered or exited).

First aid for electric shock

Helping victims of electric current involves following simple but mandatory rules.

1
. Before touching the victim, it is necessary to turn off the power! The most reasonable thing in such a situation is to quickly remove the wires (or electrical device) from it using a dry, non-conductive object: a stick, a ruler, a mop, a book, rolled up newspapers or magazines, and also using rubber gloves (Fig. 11).

2. Sometimes it is easier, faster and smarter to try to turn off the electricity (Fig. 12), but you need to remember that turning it off may leave you in the dark, and this will cause additional problems.

3. If electrical wires are clamped in the victim’s hand, they are cut with a knife or scissors with non-conductive handles, but always separately from each other and always at different levels (Fig. 1
3).

4. In case of ignition of wires or fire flames cannot be put down with water, and extinguished with sand or covered with thick cloth.

5. You can try to pull the victim away from the dangerous unit, but in this case you need to grab obviously dry clothes and only with one hand, without touching his body (Fig. 14).

6. Only after removing the victim from the electrical circuit can he be touched and his condition assessed.

7
. If the victim is unconscious, open the airway and check if he is breathing.

8. Check for the presence of a pulse in the carotid artery; if it is absent for 7 seconds, apply a precordial blow as quickly as possible and begin performing the CPR complex according to the ABC rule, periodically (every 2 minutes) checking the appearance of a pulse in the carotid arteries.

9. If the victim resumes an independent steady pulse and breathing, place him in a “safe position” yourself (or ask someone) to call an ambulance and monitor the victim’s condition until it arrives (Fig. 15).

1
0. In all cases of electrical injury with impaired cardiac activity and loss of consciousness, mandatory and, if possible, urgent hospitalization is necessary (to be afraid of repeated cardiac arrest!).

High voltage electric shock

The problems of providing first aid in case of injury from high-voltage electricity are in many ways similar to those outlined above.

WITH
The specificity of the problem lies in the so-called step tension, i.e., a safe approach to the victim.

When a current-carrying wire comes into contact with the surface of the earth, an electrical crater is formed, in the center of which (the point of contact) there will be the highest voltage, which kills as it moves away from the current source in the form of diverging concentric rings.

Therefore, if a decision is made to rescue a victim, when approaching the area of ​​an electrical crater, one should be wary not of the magnitude of the current as such, but of the voltage difference between the levels of electricity propagation along the ground.

H
The wider the step, the higher the potential difference and the magnitude of the damaging discharge.

A safe distance of 18 meters (20-30 steps) from the center of the electric crater is considered safe (in dry weather!). Therefore, you should approach the victim either by jumping on one leg (risking, by the way, losing your balance and falling), or by goose-stepping.”

When approaching the victim, you must immediately isolate the current-carrying wire, since your stay in the high-voltage area will create a misleading impression that it is safe to approach the victim and can provoke the death of people who rush to help. To do this, you need to place a rubber mat (from a car), a dry sheet of plywood under the current-carrying wire, or try to throw the wire onto a high-voltage line support, using dry (wooden, plastic) objects (Fig. 16). And only after the danger has been eliminated can the first aid instructions begin (Fig. 17). And it will be almost similar to that discussed above; additionally (if these injuries are present), cool the burn surface with water and apply a sterile bandage, immobilize bones in case of fractures, apply a tourniquet and (or) a pressure bandage in case of bleeding. When struck by lightning, contrary to popular belief, it is unacceptable to stab the victim into the ground - this not only poses a threat of infection of the wounds, but also a loss of precious time and, accordingly, the life of the victim.

If possible, call emergency medical assistance. Before the arrival of medical personnel, you must try in every possible way to calm the victim if he is conscious, and be sure to monitor his condition (Fig. 18) in order to avoid various complications that can threaten the life of the unconscious victim.

Defibrillation.

This is a set of measures to restore a regular heart rhythm. In many pathological conditions, the coordinated and rhythmic work of the heart muscle fibers is disrupted. The condition in which these fibers contract uncoordinatedly and chaotically is called fibrillation (Fig. 13). Ventricular fibrillation is especially dangerous. In this case, the heart does not eject blood into the aorta and an acute disruption of the body’s blood supply occurs.

The main signs of fibrillation:

1. Unconscious state of the victim.

2. Sharp pallor of the skin.

3. Wide pupils that do not react to light.

4. Absence of pulse in large arteries.

5
. Muscle cramps are possible.

6. Breathing is noisy, intermittent or completely absent.

If defibrillation is applied in the first 7-10 seconds after the onset of fibrillation, then in most cases it is possible to restore the normal rhythm of contraction.

Method of mechanical defibrillation (precordial shock)

1. Lay the victim on a flat, hard surface.

2. Unbutton the clothing on the victim’s chest, exposing its front surface.

3. The resuscitator kneels at the side of the victim.

4
. Check for the presence of a pulse in the carotid artery for 7-10 seconds (Fig. 14).

5. If there is no pulse, lift (if possible) the patient’s legs and place them on your shoulder, holding them with one hand (Fig. 15).

6. Apply a short sharp blow with the back of a clenched fist to a point located on the sternum three fingers above its lower edge.

7. Without lowering the victim’s legs, check the pulse again.

8. If there is no pulse, repeat the procedure and check the pulse again.

9. If the pulse has not recovered, proceed to the standard procedure of external cardiac massage.

Attention! A blow to a beating heart can be fatal to the victim!

Electrical defibrillation technique

When an electric current of great strength and voltage (4-7 kV at 5 A) passes through the heart muscle, the effect of restoring the correct heart rhythm is observed.

1
. Place the victim on a hard, flat, non-conductive surface.

2. Unbutton the clothing on the chest, exposing its front surface.

3. Treat the defibrillator electrodes with a special conductive paste (to reduce the transition resistance).

4. Connect the device to the network.

5. Set the charge level to 200 J (for an adult).

6. Wait for the signal to charge the electrodes.

7. Install electrodes on the patient’s chest:

a) with the inscription APEX - at the apex of the heart (in the 5th intercostal space along the midclavicular line, the area of ​​the left nipple);

b) with the inscription SPERNUM - at the right upper edge of the sternum (under the right collarbone).

8. Press the electrodes with a force of about 10 kg.

9. Give the command to everyone to move away from the victim and make sure that no one touches him (Fig. 16).

10. Simultaneously press the shock buttons (Fig. 17).

11. Check the pulse in the carotid artery (Fig. 14).

12. If present, check breathing, other vital signs and take life-sustaining measures.

13. In the absence of a pulse, increase the charge amount to 300 J and repeat the procedure (during the period of charging the electrodes, switch to NMS).

14. If there is no pulse, continue defibrillation until the charge limit reaches 400 J.

Attention! An electrical discharge with a preserved heartbeat can cause irreversible cardiac arrest! If you touch a victim during electrical defibrillation, you can be fatally injured!

Electric shock is always very dangerous for human health. Symptoms of damage may not appear immediately, but after a certain period of time. First aid for electric shock is to preserve the life of the victim and maintain the vital functions of the body. The set of first aid measures depends on the general well-being of the victim, the magnitude of the operating voltage and the path of current through the body.

Initially, contact with a dangerous object is prevented. However, certain precautions should be taken:

1. It is unacceptable to touch a person who is in direct contact with electricity, as well as to carry out rescue measures without special protective equipment.
2. The most important thing to do when providing first aid to victims of electric current is to disable the damaged equipment and devices that caused the described situation.
3. If it is impossible to carry out these actions, the person providing assistance must protect himself from contact with the victim’s body.
4. If the dangerous factor is represented by a voltage of up to 400 V, the victim is allowed to be carefully removed from the affected object using areas of dry clothing. The slightest contact with open parts of his body is unacceptable.
5. It is recommended (if available) to use special products for protection, for example, rubber mats, dielectric gloves, rubber slippers, stands.
6. When a person wraps his hands around the conductor, it is necessary to quickly cut the latter with a sharp object whose handle is securely insulated and does not conduct current.
7. When the damaging voltage is over 1000 V, removing the victim from the dangerous source involves the use of special insulating pliers or a rod.
8. If a person falls to the ground under the stress of a step, he needs to be isolated by carefully placing plywood or a board.

What measures to take

When the effect of electric current is prevented, the general well-being of the victim is assessed. There are a number of signs that will help you cope with this task and correctly provide first aid in case of electric shock:

• The color of the mucous membranes and skin is pale, slightly bluish or normal pink.
• Consciousness remains clear or disruptions are visible, the victim is excited or inhibited.
• Shortness of breath, in some cases it is completely absent.
• Normal or barely perceptible pulse.

First aid for electric shock is a visual determination of the presence of breathing and consciousness, and skin tone. The pulse in the carotid artery is checked with several fingers located on the neck. The pupils must be examined; it is important to determine their width. If the eyes do not open, the upper eyelids are carefully lifted with the fingers and the eyeballs are examined.

When providing emergency care for an electric shock, you must urgently call a medical team.

If the victim is conscious, he must be calmed down. Next, clothes that restrict movement are unbuttoned, maximum rest is ensured until the doctors arrive, changes in pulse are observed, and shortness of breath is recorded. It is necessary to provide fresh air flow and coolness in hot weather. During the cold season, the victim needs to be warmed up.

Providing first aid in case of electric shock to an unconscious person requires the following actions:

• Continuous monitoring of lung function, because breathing may be impaired due to retraction of the tongue. Generally accepted first aid instructions require slightly extending the lower jaw and holding it until breathing is restored.
• When, after being injured by electricity, a person begins to vomit, he should be turned on his side - this way he will not choke on the escaping masses.
• If possible, the victim’s mouth should be cleared of vomit.

Providing first aid to the victim involves his absolute immobilization.

Often, after the incident, a person tries to move independently and even continues to do his job (electric shock in the workplace). Such actions are unacceptable, because deterioration of the condition may occur later due to damage to internal organs - heart, brain.

Self-transportation of a victim in case of electric shock is unacceptable.

The exception is a direct threat to the victim and the person helping him.

An erroneous action is burying a victim of electricity in the ground. This event will not bring benefits, and time will be lost.

Resuscitation measures

The absence of pulsation of the carotid artery, even weak breathing, the presence of wide pupils up to 5 mm in diameter and blue skin indicates possible clinical death.

In such a situation, first aid measures for a victim of electric current consist of performing artificial respiration while simultaneously performing cardiac massage.

These procedures are carried out immediately. Such activities are permitted if the person is in a horizontal position.

Often first aid for electric shock requires artificial respiration. The victim lies horizontally on a thick surface. Resuscitation actions are carried out immediately if heart rhythms are not audible.

Providing first aid in case of electric shock begins with artificial respiration, in parallel with which cardiac massage is performed.

There is a strict ratio that must be observed: for 30 pushes to the chest area, 2 breaths are taken.

Continue this procedure until the first signs of life are detected or until a medical team arrives. It is mandatory to regularly check your pulse.

What not to do

During first aid in case of electric shock, the following manipulations are prohibited:

• Contact bare limbs with a damaging source, an injured person (bare parts of the body).
• Even if the victim is feeling well, allow him to sit or stand.
• First aid for electric shock does not allow the treatment of thermal burns with ointments or traditional medicine. It is allowed to apply a sterile light bandage to the wound.
• It is prohibited to take any medications because the victim may be allergic to medications, or upon arrival, doctors will additionally administer similar medications, which will lead to an overdose.

In the absence of any signs of life, leaving the victim unattended is unacceptable. First aid for electric shock in this case indicates continuous resuscitation. This maintains passive breathing and normal blood circulation.

The need to contact specialists

When first aid is provided for electric shock, the patient is hospitalized in the hospital. This measure is mandatory, since the passage of electric current through the body can cause complications after some time.

Thus, an electric arc can pass through the brain, heart, as a result, the functioning of the nervous system is disrupted, and arrhythmias occur.

A thorough examination and regular ECG monitoring are necessary. For severe lesions, treatment is carried out in intensive care. If there is no electrical or burn shock, the patient is placed in the surgical department.

In a hospital, a person receives comprehensive care. In case of minor injuries, wounds are bandaged; serious injuries require restoration of burnt skin and damaged internal organs. If a person has no obvious injuries and his general condition is satisfactory, observation for preventive purposes is strictly indicated.

Even if first aid to a victim of electric current was carried out on time, in case of serious injuries, long-term treatment and a similar recovery period are expected.

In case of electric shock, first aid is aimed at saving the life of the victim. It is important to adhere to the generally accepted rules of first aid, perform all manipulations promptly and collectedly, and quickly call a doctor.

Electric shock can occur at home and at work. This can result in very dangerous injury, possibly even death. Typically, such injuries are suffered by representatives of professions related to electrical work. But there are cases of exposure to current in everyday life. It is very important to know what first aid is needed in case of electric shock. This will be discussed in the article.

Accidents most often occur due to:

• Ignorance or non-compliance with safety requirements when using electrical appliances.
• Faulty household appliances.
• Broken wires of high-voltage lines.

The degree of damage to a person is influenced by:

• The way electric current passes through the body.
• Force and tension in the system.
• Exposure time.
• The age of the person.
• The state of his health.
• Timely provision of first aid in case of electric shock.

Types of electrical injuries

To provide first aid in case of electric shock, you should know its effect on the human body in a specific situation.

The classification of electric shocks and their features are presented in the table:

What to do after a defeat

Providing first aid in case of electric shock cannot be carried out on a person without taking basic precautions to avoid exposure of the rescuer to the current.

The instructions are as follows:

• The electrical installation or part of it that is in contact with the victim is switched off.

Tip: To work in a dark place or at night, you should use candles and lanterns to illuminate the workplace.

• If it is impossible to de-energize the installation, you must remember that the voltage of the victim’s step and the body of the victim are dangerous for those rescuing people.
• If the voltage is less than 400V, a person can be pulled out of the affected area by dry clothing.

When working with electricity, it is important to follow all safety rules to eliminate or minimize the likelihood of electric shock.

First aid in case of electric shock must be provided immediately!

In general, it is believed that only a small number of accidental effects of voltage on a person are accompanied by the flow of large currents that can lead to electrical injury. A fatal outcome is recorded even less often (one in 140 - 150 thousand), but this is not at all a reason to ignore safety rules or refuse to provide first aid.

First aid for electric shock

The first thing to do in such a situation is to free the person from the current. This should be done carefully but quickly. If the victim is at a height, it is important to prevent him from falling.

Relief from the current is carried out by turning off the installation, although one should take into account the fact that the light will go out everywhere, so if an accident occurs indoors, it is important to have a flashlight or candle ready.

Now it is necessary to drag the victim away, but you cannot touch his unprotected parts of the body, shoes, or damp clothes. Grab hold of his dry items, and if there are tools such as electric gloves, galoshes, mat, stand, etc., use them.

If the victim's hands cover the conductor, cut it with some sharp object with insulated handles (for example, dry wood, plastic).

Basic rules in short:

• Put on dry gloves (rubber, wool, leather, etc.) and rubber boots;
• Turn off the power source;
• When approaching the victim on the ground, take small steps;
• Remove the wire from it with a dry, non-conductive object, for example a stick or plastic;
• Pull him by his clothes at least 10 meters from the point where the wire touches the ground or from live equipment.

After the victim has been freed, assistance is provided in accordance with his condition.

If the victim is conscious:

• it is important for him to ensure peace;
• if serious injuries are visible (bruises, fractures, dislocations, burns, etc.), it is necessary to provide first aid before the doctor arrives - to fix the injured limb, for example.
• It is necessary to call a doctor, even if consciousness has not been lost, since a specialist must conduct an examination and eliminate the possibility of complications due to injuries received.

If a person has lost consciousness, but is breathing, he should be placed on a soft surface - a blanket, clothes. Then it is important to immediately call an ambulance, and before that try to resuscitate the victim:

• unfasten the collar, belt, remove clothes that are restrictive to the body;
• cleanse the oral cavity of blood and mucus, thereby ensuring an influx of fresh air;
• you can give him ammonia to smell;
• you can spray it with water, rub it and try to warm the body.

If signs of life are completely absent (clinical death - no breathing or pulse, pupils are dilated) or if breathing is intermittent, you should:

• free him from clothing that restricts breathing as soon as possible;
• clean your mouth
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A doctor must be called immediately!