Fiber-optic television. What is this fiber? - How to connect fiber optic Internet.
Recently, many became interested in fiber optic internet. Most know that this technology involves a fairly high speed. Not so long ago, such speeds seemed to many a fantasy, although the technology of optical fiber began to develop almost a century ago - in the thirties of last century. That is why it is worth considering what is fiber-optic Internet and why this technology is out of competition.
In addition, the number of subscribers in the subscriber chain is limited due to insufficient line routing. In order to increase efficiency, research and computer companies have a wide range of services: according to the client's desire to provide him with video and music, videoconferences and training sessions, interactive games and the ability to browse the Internet in a multimedia environment. There are other, but hardly conceivable, services that may require gigabit traffic. It is clear that at the request of the consumer all of them should be provided immediately.
A bit of history
The first attempts to transmit data at a distance by means of light and transparent materials were made back in 1934. Norman French was asked to convert the voice into light signals, which then will be transmitted along the rods of glass. A few years later a physicist from Switzerland, Jean Daniel Colladon, conducted an experiment with translating light through a "parabolic liquid stream", that is, water. Optical fiber in its modern form appeared in 1954. The authorship belongs to two physicists from England - Harold Hopkins and Narinder Singh Kapani, as well as a researcher from Holland - Abraham Van Hilu. Since they simultaneously announced their invention, all three of them began to be considered the founders of this technology. And after two years the name - fiber was invented.
In the end, the lines have already begun to be released. First of all, because of the cable runners of the cable runner, preparing for the decisive battle and seeking to block the users - the smallest of the bronchi and people - the hearts and minds, the lack of linguistic roaming and the business of providing data. Due to their aggressive and long-term competitive campaign, houses with cable lodging have cable TVs and cable modems. Using a wide range of cable and wire tapes and cutting corresponding rings, companies are preparing to improve the quality of cable television.
Losses of light in the first were very large. In the late fifties, Lawrence Curtins was able to reduce them. And when in 1962 they discovered laser technology, fiber optics had another chance for existence.
Features
Now you can return to the present. At the moment, the fiber-optic Internet is characterized by an incredibly large. It is absolutely not surprising. The information carrier in this case is light, and its travel speed is the highest in the universe. This property must have found application, and it is. In a simplified sense, it is transmitted like this: if the light is on, then this is 1, and no - then 0. The fiber-optic Internet cable transmits alternating zeros and ones at such a speed that it is simply impossible to see with the naked eye. The change of pulses is the responsibility of the transmitter, which converts electrical signals into light signals. And at the second end of the cable, the receiver is usually located, which performs the reverse transformation.
Compared to wires, lines are much more favorable. First of all, there is a significant amount of costs for the operation of fiberglass. Wired line amplifiers consume a lot of energy, your electronic components have a limited lifespan, and spare power supplies are distributed throughout the delivery area.
Secondly, the use of fiberglass is much more than linear lines in the legal and technical field. In other words, the light lines would easily include the latest broadband routing systems and formats. The technology of the fiber-optic router is based not only on legal inheritance issues, but also on many lawyers and lobbying the army, which are expensive. By the way, the cable co-founder is also regulated by governments, but only significantly less.
Fiber-optic Internet is characterized by huge speeds, which is its main advantage. Another advantage is the ability to work at great distances. for the Internet is laid on the bottom of the ocean, it can stretch across the entire continent. Naturally, the architects who build it are very difficult: they install signal amplifiers at the junction points, which cost several hundred times more than the wire itself, but for the technology as a whole, such investments can not be called excessively large.
Fifthly, fiber optic lines by their very nature require a much smaller patina; Active electronic gadgets are located only at the ends of the line, and not at the end of your life, as on the lines of the rider's harness. Although passive, but powerful. Optical fibers are already used in the "last" rice lines in "miles". In my newly established company, the so-called passive optical networks - mostly in new residential areas, rural settlements and so on. For example, one cell or central cell reaches 32 users per group.
The total luminous flux of the four fibers will be divided into 4 parts, and each of them will still be available. However, many smaller users still remain without an optical rider. According to most surveyors, this may end in the next three to five years.
Additional Properties
This way is used in other spheres. Through the finest wiring, you can provide backlighting during complex operations on the heart or brain of a person. The popularity of light systems, based on all the same optical fiber, is gaining popularity, but instead of information they bring sunlight to the house, which is caught from the street.
Worse, the danger faced by governments in regulatory companies in the camp does not show any adequate action. It seems that they are waiting for the reduction of regulatory restrictions or cable companies, which will lead to an increase in the number of linguistic and broadband users.
The actual ratio can be even higher. As these subscribers deteriorate, it is likely that it will be difficult to keep up with relatively unprofitable relationships. The tendency to the "last" cutting of the "mile" tends to be optimistic. The costs of designing, installing and maintaining the shaft throughout the life of the machine are significantly lower than standard, but they require more launchers. The more the cost of parts is the back optoelectronic devices.
In addition to the speed and long range of information transfer, there is a similar technology and another plus - it is almost impossible to intercept data using it.
Fiber-optic Internet: disadvantages
Minus there is only one - too expensive equipment and tools for installation. The cable itself does not cost much compared to transmitters, receivers and signal amplifiers. The soldering of wires is carried out by means of special inverters, which can cost as very expensive cars.
Therefore, the further composition of the fiber base will depend on whether the optoelectronics component will have a mass. Fortunately, so it is. There are positive changes in technology and lighting. There is already a specialized equipment that reduces the narrow trenches of fibrous lines to the longitudinal lagoon. Remote Controls remote control on roads and highways cause circular trunks for laying plastic pipes. Hudsonupe struck a 2-kilometer track. If the pipes still do not have fiber, it is often used for repair purposes.
Characteristics
Fiber-optic Internet is characterized by high speed, as it was already described earlier. For home use, its minimum indicator is 10 MB / s. Physically, no home cable is capable of supporting such a speed. The best way is to use this connection if you have a home server, or if you do not have one, but several computers that constantly need access to the Internet. To separate the fiber optic cable, a special router is required. It can be used for home use or for main channels. Fiber-optic Internet will work with special routers, which were released not earlier than 2010. Their range is quite extensive, so for each user can choose the best option.
Over time, you can even go through a technical line that can be used for one or more connections - a procedure that was recently performed only in the laboratory. Spend your costs faster than three or four years from now.
It's just a matter of when it depends on reality and who it will be. Probably, all phone companies in the world are shrinking almost the same: how to minimize the increasing number of discrepancies between the network of users and the needs of the user. When a telephone company tries to keep up with the ever-growing flow of Internet traffic, it will drop dramatically. Meanwhile, the data stream is almost always transmitted by a flow of linguistic data. The data is transmitted through telephone networks designed for several decades and intended for another purpose of digital voice signal transmission.
Fiber optic Internet (Rostelecom)
Rostelecom has been providing citizens with access to the World Wide Web for a number of years using ADSL technology, which involves sending a signal over a regular telephone line. Now the operator has started to actively introduce completely new methods. Now the fiber optic Internet is being actively introduced using FTTB technology (optics up to the building). With its help, you can significantly improve the quality of services provided to the population, the reliability of the connection and its maximum speed, which can reach 100 megabits per second. When the network is fully upgraded, each resident of the selected settlement will be able to use the full range of services. For example, you will have the opportunity to view digital television, which at times exceeds the cable and satellite quality and capabilities. A similar solution is the high quality of video materials, images and sound, as well as a convenient interactive menu, ease of use and other benefits.
Over the past 10 or 15 years, they are widely used in all global telephone systems. The corresponding protocols are associated with routing schemes: if one rider is full or defective, another rider will be installed. The network software and hardware device controls the hierarchy of the router and regulates the data flows.
Routing systems for the transmission of voice data require a rigid sending order. New module includes integrated I / O multiplexers and digital switching functions, as well as some electronic and optical switching functions. Unfortunately, even in the United States such an "ideal" will be very expensive. New system will be more economical and more economical and will allow more intelligent, more rational and faster data analysis and necessary connection lines.
conclusions
At the moment, the fiber-optic Internet is an advanced solution to the problem of data transmission. To surpass it in speed, only cryptosystems that are still at the design stage are capable, and it is not yet clear when their development will begin. That is why it is worth considering how to connect fiber optic Internet.
For example, the grid adjustment function, which was previously performed by a large number of large devices, can now be integrated into one or more modules. Such modules are already used by three or four listed companies. The network structure also changes: the device hardware levels remain smaller, your service becomes more flexible, and the networks themselves work more smoothly.
A new scheme, called a virtual link, will prevent the restriction of the line. In the end, the old replacement costs will soon be repaid. A typical network of the city of Sonnet consists of a series of porches of optical fiber that are tuned in cities or other regions of shipping lines. Data is transmitted at various fixed rates, and one stream can be transferred to another node.
Optical cable, due to the high data transfer rate, enabled providers to provide subscribers with a data transfer rate of up to 100 Mb / s or more. When this direction was born, many clients did not have network adapters, capable of supporting such a data rate. Typically, providers install an optical router directly in the apartment, or carry the optical cable straight into network card Sometimes a copper cable is used from the optical terminal, and naturally there is a need to distribute WiFi throughout the apartment, that would connect to the Internet tablets, phones, desktops. Let's see what we do in this case, to distribute WiFi from fiber to the whole apartment. Here I would advise to begin to clarify with your provider, whether there is an opportunity for the terminal that was put in your apartment, the opportunity to distribute WiFi, many terminals already have a router, and you just need to configure it. But if there is no such possibility, or an apartment is held, only an optical cable, what to do in this situation, how to choose a router with WiFi for fiber and can one do without it?
These data are most often identified by so-called multiplexers with an inscription that transmit signals to each other, accelerate them up or down. In turn, the multiplexers connect other ruminal devices, for example, digital switches. We do not need to worry about your exact goals - suffice it to say that cables, data ports and cable cables control procedures that are usually inefficient.
Obviously, multiplexers, usually connected to the device, can not read the program. This requires one or two additional multiplexers, respectively connected to the digital switches. Momentary multiplexers, switches and circuits, combined into single modules, will prevent the interruption of the existing cable from interference.
Let's look at the main issues that you may encounter:
- Fiber is carried out, is it possible to connect it WiFi router?
- Which router to choose for a speed of 100 MB / s, which router supports this speed?
- Is it possible to distribute WiFi from the term fiber without using a router, but for example a laptop?
We will also briefly go over the main models in the Russian market.
In Europe, cable television companies seem to be collapsing better than a multi-threaded cable channel. In Europe, about 100 million people. Cable TV subscribers, but its infrastructure is very fragmented. Independent networks belong to small local companies and former state telecommunications companies.
Large cable networks are becoming more attractive for multimedia applications, which means that larger companies have begun to assemble their cabinets. Not only can television signals be transmitted over cables, but networks can be used to update their networks for customers when they dial telephone and services broadband Internet. In many parts of Europe, cable television is the only competitor to telecommunications companies, available to private subscribers and affiliates.
How to connect to optics
In order to connect an optical cable to the router, it is necessary that the router has an appropriate port. Therefore, you immediately need to clarify from your ISP, which connection is used and what format is your port, because you may encounter a problem, and the router that you buy will not work by the type of connection with the provider. The connection itself, of course, is not a big problem. WiFi router connects to the GPON terminal, if it is installed in your apartment, but if there is only an optical cable, then directly insert it into our router. A couple of words I want to say about the connection, since as a connection, it is usually installed from our computer, and the terminal or router of the provider that provides Internet access works in bridge mode (Brige). When you figure out what type of connection you have, you can go to the next step.
In those markets where the cable also belongs to telecommunications companies, the latter are invited to abandon the promotion of competition. With the help of the Internet and telephone services, cable companies are carefully disassembled. All potential buyers will first be located in Germany. Networking. Another place is the Scandinavian countries, where the Internet is especially popular, but residents are forced to use telephone modems. Although Telecom has a full three-tier network, in the latter two it will refuse. In the UK, the cables are relatively wide, so their bilingualism will require a million investment.
WiFi with a speed of 100 MB / s
The majority modern routers, can provide speed over WiFi up to 300 Mb \\ s. When choosing a router, you need to look at its following characteristics:
- Each of the routers indicates the data transfer rate, for each port. The port that is behind the incoming rate is called WAN, type port WAN you also need to check with the provider, the SFP port is a standard fiber-optic port that supports speeds up to 1 Gb / s, which is 1000 Mb / s.
- We also draw on the speed of the wireless interface - this is the speed of WiFi, it is necessary that it would not be less than the speed that the provider provided.
The standard WiFi - IEEE 802.11b / g / n provides a speed of up to 300 mb / s. Just like a router with a speed of up to 150 MB / s. Most routers can have multiple WAN ports, which ensures their connection to both copper cable and fiber. Let me give you examples of such routers, I want to note that I do not give recommendations on their purchase, I just took the first ones from the Internet:
Web server with bulletprogram
English computer scientists were able to feed computers using potatoes. By the way, there were already a lot of potatoes for a couple with an electric clock for feeding, but no one tried to feed a large number of machines. The Internet server usually uses a high-definition PC. This machine will not eat potatoes from corn. Therefore, developers used old computers with a 386-megapixel processor. They threw everything except the main chip and the chains they needed. Instead hard drive Another microchip was installed, which includes software for the server software and portable web pages.
DIR-615 / FB
Main characteristics:
- WiFi: 802.11b / g / n (300 Mbps) frequency of 2.4 GHz;
- WAN: one SFP-port 10-100 Mbit / s - an optical cable;
Main characteristics:
- WAN up to 1000 Mbit / s;
- Copper Port 10/100/1000;
- Connect up to 4 devices, h via cable;
- 2 FXS ports for phones;
- Can be USB 2.0;
The price around 9 tr.
But even for such a small server you will need a dozen potatoes, which you need to replace every couple of days. On the server you can view the site, although the computer is very restrictive, while visiting the number of people. The electrochemical reaction, created by two electrodes, one of zinc and another copper, creates an electric current.
Ions in the mass of the boulevard move from one electrode to another. The cost of using the website in the UK is low. This will give millions of people the opportunity for the first time to take advantage of the Internet and greatly shocked the British Internet service providers.
EchoLife HG-8240
Nothing is not noticeable from the previous one. Price: 6-8 tr. on Ali saw for 3.5 tr.
RT-N66U
Feature can give out wiFi connection speed up to900 Mbit / s. The price is about 6 to 8 tr. But this router does not fit directly to the optical cable connection, and can only be used as a gateway, this router does not have a port for connecting the optic "PON".
Further we will not go into detail in detail, I think the main features are clear. Let's figure out what to do if you have optics in the apartment, and you can not get the router, what are the ways to solve the problem?
WiFi from optics, no router
Here we have in mind the situation that you have optics, connected to one and a computer, and that's all. The cable is thrown, there is no WiFi, the question is what to do if there is no money for an ordinary router. Here, intelligent programs come to our aid, the fact is that modern WiFi adapter, which is built into a laptop, tablet, phone or stationary computer, has the ability not only to receive incoming traffic from the Internet, but also to distribute it synchronously.
To distribute WiFi from a computer or laptop to which the optics is connected simply download the program MyPublicWiFi (May Public Wy-Fai). This program helps you easily and without problems, create a wireless access point from your computer, a couple of mouse clicks, and your computer turns into a router, and you can easily connect to the Internet from your mobile devices. How to setup this program I described in this article:
Many may be faced with the fact that they have a desktop computer without WiFi, but do not worry, for you there is also a simple and cheap solution to this problem. All you need to do is buy wireless WiFi Adapter, this board with an antenna or similar is not a flash drive device that plugs into your computer and you get the opportunity to connect, and similarly to a laptop to distribute the Internet, through this adapter.
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